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Define Atheism, Please

post #1 of 28
Thread Starter 
This thread could probably go in Multiculturalism or Media, but it is the spiritual issue that most intrigues me, so I thought I should put it here.

DH and I have been watching "Colonial House"- one of those historical reality shows where they more or less try to send people back in time. Pre-Constitution, many colonial governments forced people to attend sabbath services.

On this show, there was a family- a mixed race Native American husband who grew up on a res, an Italian American wife who was raised Catholic, and their 11 year old son. There was continued friction over their refusal to attend the Christian sabbath services of the colony. The husband said he didn't believe in God, the wife called herself an athiest, but then later said that her religion was nature-based- water, mountains, sun, stuff to that effect.

So. I was left... confused by this. And somewhat annoyed. I turned to DH and said, "You know, this is how the marginalization of traditional Native American religions began, by applying 'atheist' as a perjorative term to what is actually a sophisticated set of spiritual beliefs, many of which are Earth based or Earth influenced."

Then, later in the series, some Wampanog Indians show up, and their elder more or less said the same thing- "We wouldn't convert to Christianity, so we were just heathen savages".

I guess I have a narrow view of atheism and a wide view of God. I think of atheism as a lack of belief in any higher power or greater force. If you are a Wiccan who uses spells to appeal to the universe, then, to me, you aren't an atheist. If you are a pagan who worships Mother Earth, then, to me, you aren't an atheist. If you practice an ancient tribal religion (or a modern variant- Santeria or Voodoo, maybe?) where you concern yourself with keeping various ghosts or spirits happy, then to me, you aren't an atheist. If you are an agnostic, you aren't an athiest.

Do folks follow where I'm heading with this?

I guess I thought that you need not believe that God is some Zeus like figure in the sky to be part of the huge community of people who believe in something.

So, as weird as this sounds, should I have a broader definition of what it means to be an atheist? Because, I'll be the first to admit, my definition is pretty narrow. I guess I came to this conclusion because I have known several people who left the religions of their childhood, more or less as agnostics, and were told by their families and former religious communities that since they were no longer X religion (each one, of course, being the one true faith), that made them atheist. And even though they were leaving that religion, they just took that definition on. (Three different people, all of whom were unknown to each other, one raised Catholic, one Mormon, one Jehovah's Witness, all had this same experience.)

I found this to be ridiculous, and so I think this is where my narrow definition of atheism comes from.

Am I right? Wrong? Even close?
post #2 of 28
No, that is the definition of atheist. If you're a heathen you're a heathen, not an atheist.
post #3 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by Delicateflower View Post
No, that is the definition of atheist. If you're a heathen you're a heathen, not an atheist.
:

I'm atheist, I believe there is no higher power, I don't "worship" nature. I believe in science and nature, but not in a worshipful sense.

Heathens are usually named such because they do not believe in the Christian god, in my knowledge.
post #4 of 28
You are spot on with that "narrow" (read accurate) definition of "atheist."

a = no, none
theo = deity

That is all atheism is, no belief in any form of deity, higher power.
post #5 of 28
Theism is the belief in the existence of a god or gods, and especially the belief of God as Creator and ruler of the world.

Atheism is the disbelief of such things. One can believe in an awe-inspiring greatness (nature, science, energy) without adding human attributes to it, and still be an atheist.

The reason being....as an atheist, I don't believe that the universe is a "higher" power. It's just a power. It's the power that makes everything go. Nothing supernatural about it; it's just science.

So, being an atheist does not mean that I believe in nothing. It means that I believe in a natural world rather than a supernatural one.
post #6 of 28
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by 2xy View Post

So, being an atheist does not mean that I believe in nothing. It means that I believe in a natural world rather than a supernatural one.
I think I almost get this. But don't you think that the power of the natural world is greater than the power of humanity? (I.e., science tells us that humans have only been here, for what, several thousand years, versus the four billion years that the Earth has existed?)

I'm not trying to be argumentative, and I very much appreciate your distinction between the natural and supernatural, I just always thought, as I said, that atheism was disbelief in a higher power, and for me, personally, it is pretty undeniable that Mother Earth is/has a greater power than humanity.

If that's not the case with you, that's more than cool with me- different strokes for different folks. I'm just trying to get this.
post #7 of 28
My understanding is that "agnostic" means "I'm not sure what's out there- maybe there's a G-d, maybe there are several gods, maybe there's nothing, I don't know." You can be agnostic and still belong to organized religion- you're not "denying" G-d or religion, you're just not sure.

"Athiest" means that, without a doubt, you beleive there is no G-d or gods or any other "higher power" out there. The world is what it is.

Then there are about a zillion different beleif systems- different flavors of monotheism, and different versions of polytheism- which includes "nature worshipping" (since there's more than one natural item being worshipped.)

It may be historically accurate that non-Christians (and especially any polytheists) were labeled as "Athiests" but that's not a linguistically accurate use of the term.
post #8 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by Leta View Post
I think I almost get this. But don't you think that the power of the natural world is greater than the power of humanity? (I.e., science tells us that humans have only been here, for what, several thousand years, versus the four billion years that the Earth has existed?)
Well, of course. Humanity is a speck in the vastness of the universe. We are pretty darn inconsequential.

But the recognition of the universe as "greater" than humanity does not mean that the universe is a god or possesses god-like attributes.

The universe is not one thing. It has no desires, no consciousness, no goals, no meaning in and of itself. It just is.

I do not worship the universe. I am in deep respect and awe of the universe. There is a fundamental difference.

It may help to review common definitions of god/diety.

btw, I am an atheist but I do not use that term to describe my beliefs as it is a term based in a negation of another belief system, and my belief system is much richer and more complex than a simple negation.

----
Definitions of God

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/god

1capitalized : the supreme or ultimate reality: as a: the Being perfect in power, wisdom, and goodness who is worshipped as creator and ruler of the universe bChristian Science : the incorporeal divine Principle ruling over all as eternal Spirit : infinite Mind
2: a being or object believed to have more than natural attributes and powers and to require human worship ; specifically : one controlling a particular aspect or part of reality
3: a person or thing of supreme value
4: a powerful ruler

--
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God
God is a deity in theistic and deistic religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism.[1]

God is most often conceived of as the supernatural creator and overseer of the universe.

--
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/god
1.God - the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions: Supreme Being

2.god - any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force
post #9 of 28
by applying 'atheist' as a perjorative term to what is actually a sophisticated set of spiritual beliefs, many of which are Earth based or Earth influenced."

and

I guess I thought that you need not believe that God is some Zeus like figure in the sky to be part of the huge community of people who believe in something.

btw, atheism is also a sophisticated set of spiritual beliefs, with at least as much thought behind it as most traditional religions. While I am sure it was unintended, some of your writing was rather pejoritive and implicitly placed atheism as a lessor belief system than any other belief system.

I also belong to a religious community that has very strong spiritual beliefs, which includes humanism and the interpretation of the universe through science and rational deduction.

Most atheism, at its core, rejects magical thinking. So, yes, your interpretation that a pagan who worships mother earth or a wiccan who tries to cast spells is probably not an atheist is correct. But some of those who identify as Pagans or Wiccans are not actually engaged in magical thinking - rather they define their interactions with the universe through historically relevant rituals which allow them to see their place in (and connection with) nature and the universe.

I would love for others to weigh in on their thoughts.
post #10 of 28
Quote:
I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours.
- Stephen Roberts

Atheism is not believing in gods.

Quote:
Once it is understood that atheism is merely the absence of belief in any gods, it becomes evident that agnosticism is not, as many assume, a “third way” between atheism and theism. The presence of a belief in a god and the absence of a belief in a god exhaust all of the possibilities. Agnosticism is not about belief in god but about knowledge — it was coined originally to describe the position of a person who could not claim to know for sure if any gods exist or not.
- http://atheism.about.com/od/aboutath...atheism101.htm

Quote:
People who are unafraid of stating that they indeed do not believe in any gods are still despised in many places, whereas “agnostic” is perceived as more respectable.
*snip*
Quote:
Thus, it is clear that agnosticism is compatible with both theism and atheism. A person can believe in a god (theism) without claiming to know for sure if that god exists; the result is agnostic theism. On the other hand, a person can disbelieve in gods (atheism) without claiming to know for sure that no gods can or do exist; the result is agnostic atheism.
- http://atheism.about.com/od/aboutagn.../a/atheism.htm
post #11 of 28
Your intuition is a real one, that other religious belief systems are not atheism just because they are not Christian. The word was never used in that way, but perhaps the woman in the show hadn't defined her thoughts much.

I think some of the previous posters alluded to where the word begins to run into problems for some people. The idea that atheists believe in the natural not the supernatural is ok, as long as you are very specific about what you mean by the supernatural.

One question would be, does supernatural mean immaterial? There are plenty of people who think that material reality reflects or has an underlying immaterial reality, but don't necessarily believe in God, or even god in the way we would use the word. Are they atheists? One could argue both ways, but there are people like this who would identify as atheist.

If they aren't, I suspect that would mean anyone who is an atheist is a materialist (as in matter is all there is.) That makes the definition of atheist very narrow indeed. That being said, I know that is what many people mean when they describe themselves as atheists.

As far as the grandeur of nature bit - this could be a matter of someone thinking there is some sort of force found within nature that moves it (and presumably us.) It wouldn't be a personal thing though. That sounds rather like Taoism or if nature itself is part of the force like pantheism to me.
post #12 of 28
I'm an atheist that worhsips earth. it is called pantheism!

I think there are many types of atheists.
post #13 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by Leta View Post
But don't you think that the power of the natural world is greater than the power of humanity?
I don't see them as separate things. Humanity is part of the natural world.

Quote:
I just always thought, as I said, that atheism was disbelief in a higher power, and for me, personally, it is pretty undeniable that Mother Earth is/has a greater power than humanity.
I think the powers of earth are different than the powers of humanity, but not necessarily "higher" or "greater." The earth does not have the powers of thought or emotion. The earth is volatile, chaotic energy, which can seem very powerful because it's so large. If the earth could be shrunken down to the size of a tennis ball and kept in a jar on your pantry shelf, would it still be as impressive? Even if it still had erupting volcanos and earthquakes and such?

I also sort of think that if Earth's power was greater than our own, we wouldn't be able to destroy the planet as quickly as we have.

But again, I don't think of the earth and the universe as something separate from us. We're all intertwined. All the energy which makes up the universe is interconnected, and that includes the energy in each human and animal.
post #14 of 28
This has turned into a great discussion, and while everyone is being very respectful, I'm moving this thread to Religious Studies so the conversation can continue without "bumping into" the Spirituality forum guidelines.

Please let me know (via PM) if you have any questions or concerns and enjoy the discussion!
post #15 of 28
: Holding two sick boys but I wanted to at least sub!!
post #16 of 28
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by siobhang View Post

btw, I am an atheist but I do not use that term to describe my beliefs as it is a term based in a negation of another belief system, and my belief system is much richer and more complex than a simple negation.
Bolding mine.

Thank you for this. It is what I was trying to get at in my OP.

I thought I may have come across as... um, athiest prejudiced? or similar in my OP, which I totally was trying to avoid, but I wanted to reference the historical situation in which the anecdote took place. My apologies.

(FWIW, I must say in all honesty that I used to be athiest prejudiced. Because I've crossed over from the bad side, I can honestly say that I'm not anymore. I'm over it, and I look back at my old self and say "Doh!" I discuss this in the "theologically liberal Christians" thread.)

The thing is, until recently, "athiest" was used almost exclusively as a perjorative term, as a way of minimizing and disrespecting the beliefs of others, no matter how complex or sophisticated they may have been. So again, I'm muddled as far as the past vs. present usage of the term.

I have a hard time with definitions of god/God/gods, though. Mostly because my definition of God is mine alone, and I guess I expect everyone else to have their own, too. My concept of God doesn't quite fit any of the listed definitions, and there's lots of stuff regarding God that I am agnostic about. So just because someone rejects any or all of those definitions doesn't neccesarily make them an atheist, because I do and I'm not. If that makes a lick of sense.

So is conciousness the cut off place? That is, you can believe in the force of the universe, but believe that it has no conciousness, and therefore be an atheist? I would have to mull over that one, but I think it could be a reasonably well functioning definition.
post #17 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by Leta View Post
Bolding mine.


So is conciousness the cut off place? That is, you can believe in the force of the universe, but believe that it has no conciousness, and therefore be an atheist? I would have to mull over that one, but I think it could be a reasonably well functioning definition.
There have been systems of thought that have an underlying being/force which has no personality or consciousness. They wouldn't necessarily be called atheistic, in some cases they had complex religious followings.

But I can see someone using the word atheist that way.

Force is a word a bit like supernatural though, it gets used in a lot of different, and mutually exclusive ways.
post #18 of 28
I don't know... I have gone back and forth between whether the universe has consciousness or not, but didn't consider either way to be inherently atheist. Both feel more spiritual and connected to the divine than traditional monotheism ever did.
post #19 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by Leta View Post
So is conciousness the cut off place? That is, you can believe in the force of the universe, but believe that it has no conciousness, and therefore be an atheist? I would have to mull over that one, but I think it could be a reasonably well functioning definition.
For me, I don't really worry about the definition of atheist, as I don't use it for my personal beliefs, though I consider myself falling into that category (sort of like how I accede to be called Irish-American, though my personal type of Irish-American is dissimilar to the majority of Irish-Americans in the US).

My personal beliefs are that we have no evidence of any consciousness other than what humanity has created and sustained. Now, there may well be alien lifeforms or trans-universal creatures but there is no evidence for them. IF evidence (repeatable, testable, verifiable) is found/presents itself for a non-human consciousness, I will believe in it.

In addition, our understanding of how the universe works does not require an external consciousness to be explained. Sure, there are lots of details we don't understand, but there isn't a "god sized hole" we are trying to fill.

My main issue with the supernatural is that it is, by definition, outside the natural world - and therefore unmeasurable, unquantifiable. As soon as something becomes measurable and quantifiable, it becomes part of the natural world.

So the supernatural quickly becomes "amazing stuff that I cannot prove, but I want you to believe in." Well, no. I am not going to believe someone or something has the ability to arbitrarily bend the laws of physics any more than I believe the email I got telling me that a Nigerian prince is going to forward me $100 million dollars if I only send him my bank account information.

For me, I don't take issue with people talking about God, or references to gods, because I see god as a metaphor for our desire for a modicum of control and influence over the vast unknown and unconscious power that is the universe. Even though I know that is not how most people define god, I find it a useful short hand for this sense of powerlessness we all feel now and again.

Just some thoughts.
post #20 of 28
Quote:
Originally Posted by siobhang View Post
I don't take issue with people talking about God, or references to gods, because I see god as a metaphor for our desire for a modicum of control and influence over the vast unknown and unconscious power that is the universe.
I can see where you're coming from, but IME (and I'm not speaking for anyone else), most people who have talked to me about God have focused on an anthropomorphic, personal deity who rewards and punishes. I can't take that seriously, nor do I want believers of that sort to think that I can relate to their ideas. It just causes confusion when people mistakenly think that everybody is on the same page.
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