sex and drug use are not the only ways hep b can be contracted, and to say so is misleading. Children can and do get hep b from family members, even after birth. It is rare, yes, but it does happen. We are lucky that it is rare here in the US, but in other parts of the world it is a much more common occurence. I am stunned to see pregnant mothers who refuse hep B testing, or hep b positive mothers who refuse to vaccinate their infants. I think those actions are very problematic and definitely put babies at risk of becoming chronic carriers of hep b or worse. While I don't usually use wikipedia as a source, I think the following quotes are helpful to explain to people who are uninformed about hep b.
Quote:
| In low prevalence areas such as the continental United States and Western Europe, where less than 2% of the population is chronically infected, injection drug abuse and unprotected sex are the primary methods, although other factors may be important. In moderate prevalence areas, which include Eastern Europe, Russia, and Japan, where 2-7% of the population is chronically infected, the disease is predominantly spread among children. In high prevalence areas such as China and South East Asia, transmission during childbirth is most common, although in other areas of high endemicity such as Africa, transmission during childhood is a significant factor. |
A mother who is positive for HBsAg has a 20% risk of passing the infection to her baby at birth if she denies treatment. The rate increases to as high as 90% if she has HBeAg. HBV can be transmitted between family members within households, possibly by contact of broken skin or mucous membrane with body fluids or saliva containing HBV. However, at least 30% of reported hepatitis B among adults do not have an identifiable risk factor.
I do not agree that all babies should get the vaccine as we currently have on the vax schedule, but I do think babies at risk should definitely get it, as should those who have a family member with chronic hep b, or perhaps even a family member who has one or more risk factors. As for the rest, I think responsible adults should consider hep b vaccination, if only to protect our young babies from having to get it, and to keep the rate of infection down in our own country, lest we become more like the countries with higher rates of chronic infection.