My child has sensory issues. I'm positive it's not the usual tantrums the op is talking about, not that tantrums in general are anything unusual at home. It's THE tantrum that is actually violent rage that is everything parents of these children work around preventing as much as possible. It's not a place where child nor parent need nor want to be. I am NOT saying that a child should not be allowed to get everything out and tantrum when he feels the need, but I DO mean that there is a way in avoiding to come to this point where only a freaky raging tantrum would solve the built in tension in the child that might have been avoided.
As I understand, the mother is not pressuring her child to eat, nor to eat the dinner she made, she is merely offering it AND keeping it available, nor she expects him to sit still (and eat) at dinner time during the whole meal. She feeds her child during the day, prepares a healthy balanced meal for dinner and WISHES for everyone to eat this dinner together, or at least for everyone to be peaceful together during dinner time, and not create any tantrum triggering situation.
I do think pps have been right in saying part of the problem stems from parental doings. But here I believe it is the dad expecting too much of this particular child in this age regarding how he perceives ideal dinnertime and the child is just not capable of in the moment.
When my child is just not capable to cope and/or comes to the point of utter and complete meltdown out of overstimulation/pressure/fear or anything else that could trigger his rages, what he needs is to get it all out. I am there and have him let it get out. It is damn HARD! But this and only this is what helps him. When it is out, he'll reach the point where he can calm down.
I Won't bribe him out of these episodes with activities, distractions, foods, because I see no advantage and it's not what he needs and it's definitely not whjat works. I do WANT for it to be over, but I know you can't force it to be over sooner than it is. Just finding out 'this is what is' when ds2 has an enormous meltdown helps in me coping better with him while it is going on, and it makes the difference between me or anyone else (who doesn't get this) dealing with him in a rage.
Dh got this too to some extent, and when I offer to deal with 'the rage' of ds2 he won't insist on dealing with it himself because he knows it is not a time to 'fix behaviour'. When I have difficulty 'getting through it' I may ask for his help when he's home. And yes, he deals differently with the children than I do sometimes.
But no hair on my head would think of creating such a situation on purpose, or doing something just knowing it would trigger him totally. That's not a place where he wants/needs to be and not one I'd like to experience too often, if possible.
OP, I think you received some good ideas regarding offering foods and indeed one of the things I mostly let go (but still goes against my being used to) is eating dinner typical foods at dinner or breakfast typical foods at breakfast.
Yesterday he wanted our dinner of the former day for breakfast (well tomato sauce excluded) and why not? He can have a breakfast food for lunch. As long as he doesn't stop eating or snacking, lol. I also like to eat tuna and that can be aby time of the day, while dh has aversion of tuna for breakfast. hat doesn't mean I shouldn't have t as breakfast, ykwım?
Maybe it could be good to have your dc have dinner time when your dh is not home yet (work around it with your schedule as much as you can), so dinner time as a full family won't be affiliated with struggle anymore and in few weeks time try to have dinner together again but release pressure about eating or sitting still
If my child would only want to eat at the small table when we would prefer to eat at the family table, I think of the result of doing the one or the other thing. One would mean we would all be in the same room communicating while we're all eating (and he is at least eating some), insisting on two would most likely mean no peaceful dinner for anyone and ds2 ending up not eating (wel) at all. Note: result is NOT that he'd always eat at the other table, he will eat with us at the family table most of the time (well not for long, but still he does!)

. Sometimes he will already eat some on his own before dinner time (of whatever foods I give him/he asks/takes, sometimes snack sometimes fruit/veggie/yoghurt,...), and may join us or dad for dinner again and may eat some more or not. What is important here is that he is offered a lot of SUGGESTIONS, but he is able to make CHOICES by himself. And yes, a 2yo can do this, too. That's what ds2 has been signaling to us as soon as he could get around, and that's what changed in the way we parent nowadays.
What's important here, is that you as a person also state your preferences and feel like you can make your choices, it's both a way of modeling to your child and and it tells your child about other people's boundaries (if you do not tell/model, he would not think there are any at all :-). So sitting still at the table may not be made a rule out of it, but you may explain him (over and over and over again if needed) it's the idea you have of family dinner because you ENJOY having dinner all together (which may change thinking from 'I HAVE to sit at the table and I do not want to have to', to 'it is nice to sit at the table with mom and dad in the evening because we're all home and we're together' etc.)
Also important is to realise that some things are just not such a big deal if you really think of it (like sitting at the table and eat then and there and that) and letting go.
About the severe tantrums, when my own ds2 is finally cooling/cooled down, what you should absolutely NOT do within the first 30 min after that, is ahum talk to him about the rage and/or be really careful in what you say or just even better not to speak to him much (counts both for me and bystanders). Because he's still very sensitive at that point. I've had situations where the volcano had stopped erupting and we were getting ready to 'mix into the world again' and in only seconds after the meltdown, people have been addressing to him/me about it and it cold trigger it so totally again (this even makes me upset on the inside) :-(.
Example: if ds raged about not wanting to eat his soup, went through a meltdown because of an issue was made out of it, and then it was 'over', and then it would be mentioned again to eat his soup within the 'dangerous' time frame, it may start him ALL over again. While, if you can be patient and have the soup just only available (may already be in the fridge) he may choose to eat it when he's ready and when he figures it's his idea completely.
I hope this was of help.