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Is buying local really more energy efficient?

post #1 of 16
Thread Starter 
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/08...n-my-mind.html

Quote:
Buy local, shrink the distance food travels, save the planet. The locavore movement has captured a lot of fans. To their credit, they are highlighting the problems with industrialized food. But a lot of them are making a big mistake. By focusing on transportation, they overlook other energy-hogging factors in food production.
Dh and I were watching the show "The 100 Mile Challenge" on Planet Green and debating this at home. Is it really better to put all this effort into buying local food? If yes, why do you think so? If no, why not?

I like the idea of buying from local farmers, but I do want to do what will use less resources in the end.

(I put this here instead of in News because it isn't really news. It's an opinion piece.)
post #2 of 16
Quote:
Originally Posted by phathui5 View Post
Is it really better to put all this effort into buying local food? If yes, why do you think so? If no, why not?
What effort?

I buy mostly local. I belong to a CSA with a local organic farm. I go to the farmer's market every week where I can get milk, eggs, honey, meat, seafood, juice, nuts, coffee, fruit and veg (of course), cheese, rice, and sometimes local cornmeal. Whether or not I'm buying all of the above, I'm at the market anyway, it's 2 miles from my house, and virtually everything is local (the coffee beans aren't, but they are roasted locally). So for me, there's really no effort involved.

Really, the biggest chunk of effort was in doing the research to find the CSA, and even that took me maybe 10 minutes online. I'll be buying a half-cow relatively soon, and that'll take a bit of research also. But the actual effort involved is minimal.

And for me, it's not just about being local, it's also about being sustainable. The milk, eggs and meat are all from pasture-fed animals, not ones who are fed soy and corn. The honey is wild-crafted. The produce I get comes from a small farm that cares about their people and the impact they have on the world around them. Their being local is the reason I know them, but their sustainability is the reason I picked them.

Ultimately, it's no more difficult for me to go to the farmer's market to do my shopping than it is to go to WF. The bonus is I get a better quality product, it's local, I get to meet the people behind the product, and it's cheaper to boot.
post #3 of 16
The book Just Food had a good balanced look at this issue, but iirc the gist was that the benefit of food miles goes out the window as soon as you drive by your local grocery store. That said there is balance to be found in supporting many food and local producer initiatives while also being mindful of your personal driving habits. I initially wasn't going to join a CSA until I found one that was an 8min drive as opposed to 20. And it also puts me right near my grocery store so I can move my grocery shopping day to coincide with the pickup. I do find myself having to resist the urge to keep a Farmer's Market schedule, because it wouldn't be worth it to drive 10-30miles a week to pick up a handful of items.
post #4 of 16
Um, I suspect the "effort" refers to the amount of energy and other resources that go into producing food that wouldn't naturally grow in normal conditions in a particular region.

Fresh vegetables and fruits are pretty scarce in northern North America from November to April - unless enormous work is put into greenhouses, hydroponics, etc. etc. Citrus and tropical fruits, coffee, tea, cocoa, etc. etc. don't naturally grow in these areas at any time of the year. Buying local means going without - or buying food that has been produced locally, but by inefficient methods. Inefficency often means that there is an environmental impact to the inefficiency.

I think the locavore movement is important. It's also important to make meaningful choices based on more than just food miles though. In December, is my local, greenhouse-grown tomato really more eco-friendly than the one trucked in from the south? The answer is probably to just forego tomatoes completely except during the normal growing season.

I think there are other concerns around efficient use of arable land. Personally, I think it's very important to consider food miles, but also other environmental issues too.
post #5 of 16
I think that article is full of BS. There's articles like that everywhere you know - driving your car is good for the environment, plastic is good for the ocean, recycling is bad, etc. Everybody just likes to read what they want to read.

Quote:
Take a close look at water usage, fertilizer types, processing methods and packaging techniques and you discover that factors other than shipping far outweigh the energy it takes to transport food.
The point of buying local is not to buy from your "local" factory farm. I buy from farms that make their own compost - they don't buy fertilizer from god knows where. Processing methods? I have no idea what processing methods they mean, I'm absolutely stumped, they must be talking about very different farms than I buy from. Packaging techniques? The packaging techniques my farms use mostly consist of a rubber band, if anything. I bring my own bags. I'm still waiting to hear how compost and a rubber band "far outweigh" shipping 1,000+ miles.

Quote:
Locavores argue that buying local food supports an area's farmers and, in turn, strengthens the community. Fair enough. Left unacknowledged, however, is the fact that it also hurts farmers in other parts of the world. The U.K. buys most of its green beans from Kenya. While it's true that the beans almost always arrive in airplanes--the form of transportation that consumes the most energy--it's also true that a campaign to shame English consumers with small airplane stickers affixed to flown-in produce threatens the livelihood of 1.5 million sub-Saharan farmers.
Well, let's just ignore the fact that this point has nothing to do with the article's main point. Honestly, I care a lot about sub-Saharan farmers. I really do, enough that I frequently dream of quitting my job and going over there to do what I can to help them. However, it's not a sustainable setup. Bottom line, those sub-Saharan farmers need to be growing green beans for their own communities. That will help them far more than selling them at the lowest global price to the UK. I mean, they aren't exactly making a killing selling green beans to the UK, they are doing it because they are the ones who are willing to do it for less than anyone else in the world. The English are not paying a premium to the farmers for Kenyan green beans (any premium they are paying are for shipping costs, naturally).

Quote:
Another chink in the locavores' armor involves the way food miles are calculated. To choose a locally grown apple over an apple trucked in from across the country might seem easy. But this decision ignores economies of scale. To take an extreme example, a shipper sending a truck with 2,000 apples over 2,000 miles would consume the same amount of fuel per apple as a local farmer who takes a pickup 50 miles to sell 50 apples at his stall at the green market. The critical measure here is not food miles but apples per gallon.
OK, this has got to be pulled out of the author's butt. There's so much wrong with this I don't even know where to begin. I'm going to ignore the whole long haul vs short haul issue and just say, where did he get this 50 miles thing from? That's halfway across my STATE. The point of local is to keep it local - my farmers aren't going 50 miles anywhere! 8 miles at worst to the farmer's market, and 0 miles at best (customer pickup - same as a grocery store). But let's go back to the long haul vs short haul bs, and remember that the apples didn't just get loaded right onto a long haul truck right at the farm and sent right out on the "efficient" 2,000 mile route. They got loaded in a warehouse and so on and so forth, brought TO a warehouse, dispersed to various grocery stores - it's not like it only went from point A to point B.

Quote:
The one big problem with thinking beyond food miles is that it's hard to get the information you need. Ethically concerned consumers know very little about processing practices, water availability, packaging waste and fertilizer application.
WHAT???????????????????? Hello, what is the POINT of local buying????? KNOW YOUR FARMER. So this idiot is saying that it's harder to get the information we need from our LOCAL FARMER than from the grocery store which only says "Product of New Zealand"??? Hell, my farmers tell me all about what they do - which DOESN'T FREAKING INCLUDE processing practices, packaging waste or fertilizer application (it does, of course, include water usage - but that also includes efficient processes like pond-making).

Quote:
Until our food system becomes more transparent, [snip]
THAT IS WHAT LOCAL FOOD BUYING IS ABOUT.

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If you want to make a statement, ride your bike to the farmer's market. If you want to reduce greenhouse gases, become a vegetarian.
Was this a challenge or something? This is what a lot of local eaters already do. I do eat meat, but only a little (maybe 3 times a month - was previously vegetarian for 10 years). I'm not out there to "make a statement" - I'm just trying to do my part.

Sorry, but this article was a complete waste of time. I tried to ignore it but it just made me so irritated I had to come back and comment
post #6 of 16
Quote:
Originally Posted by ollyoxenfree View Post
Buying local means going without - or buying food that has been produced locally, but by inefficient methods.
I don't agree with this at all. How do you figure?

How did humanity even survive until 1950?

Buying local does not mean going without, nor does it mean hothouses or anything ridiculous like that.

It means putting food by. It means eating winter foods over the winter.

My store of onions is only JUST NOW going soft. Same with the garlic.

My store of squashes lasted until about a month ago - the last 3 I had, yeah, I had to chuck.

Potatoes lasted a long time. Beets.

I don't even can yet, but obviously that would widen the horizon a lot more.

What do you think people used to eat before the oil subsidies that brought us to this point?
post #7 of 16
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Buying local does not mean going without
It would certainly mean going without oranges and avacadoes.
post #8 of 16
For starters, this article written from the perspective of food in the U.K. I don't live in the U.K. With their climate and available land I'm sure these issues are different than they are in other areas of the world. I can't really comment to that effect because I'm not British.

In my case, I live in the Midwest of the US. This article doesn't apply to us in any way. Our local food is sustainable and oftentimes uses no resources whatsoever... we have many Amish farmers who sell at our markets, so there is nothing modern used in their production. Otherwise, buying local always means small-scale private farmers and yes, it's contributing to the local economy.

Where I live the decision is between buying something relatively local that came from mega-farming and is sold in mega-stores or buying something local from a small-scale farmer, directly. That is, I can buy beans that are shipped from 50 miles away, grown by a major corporation and sold in Wal-Mart or I can just go buy the beans at a small-scale source (or grow them myself, which is more likely).

Of course things like pineapples, bananas, oranges, and perhaps some more exotic veggies have to come from other parts of the country or Mexico and there is no local source, large-scale or small.

I have to wonder, though... if those workers in Kenya that are picking beans could just eat those beans instead of getting paid pennies for the bigger corporations to make money off of their blood, sweat, and tears... wouldn't they be better off (nutritionally)? They probably pick these nice beans that are shipped to GB only to sit down every night to a meal made from Taro root and may never get to eat those very legumes they pick every day. Perhaps instead of stating that it hurts the livelihood of people in Kenya, they could stop importing those beans and let the Kenyans buy them at an affordable price. The reason they export them is because they can get more money. That's always the story. If there wasn't money to be made, everybody would eat local.
post #9 of 16
Heh, doing without, that's laugh. I must say I find it really exciting and refreshing eating locally in-season, enjoying the things my region provides easily each time of year. This past month, lettuce, kale, spinach, asparagus, radishes, rhubarb, snap peas...on the standard American diet half the country doesn't even eat a snippet of the bouty we relish just in early spring, no greenhouse needed. When I dream of something of another season, a plum, a watermelon, a tomato, I'm dreaming of a fresh, ripe, perfect example of that not the stuff they can bring me right now from South America or even California.

I'm not that concerned about the environment personally. My primary concern in buying locally is the taste and nutrition of a truly fresh veggie or a pastured egg, meat, dairy product - vs the pathetic excuse for food that made it into the grocery store. But sustainable practices are a chief concern for the small farmers who can provide me with what I want, they are needed to bring forth a good product, and I'm glad to support them for it. Anyway I don't think this author is thinking about the small farms most locavores in the USA are buying from so for me, here, it is an unfair comparison. Anyone from the UK eating locally care to chime in?
post #10 of 16
You know, I think there are very interesting, important issues that are raised when examining the locavore movement. Issues about the environmental impact of food production, food distribution, land usage, local and international economies....

I see that the discussion has taken on a pretty unhappy tone though - all the way to outright angry debate. So I'm going to bow out and leave it to you folks.
post #11 of 16
I feel like I've been 'going without.' I really, really miss fresh tomatoes!!

And, I am very aware of our energy consumption involved in buying locally. I drive 2 hrs round trip to our local raw dairy/pastured meat farm. BUT, I buy for a dozen people at a time, not just for myself. I fill four coolers. Still, I'm aware that my "gallons of gas per gallons of milk" ratio isn't nearly as good as any of the big trucks out there.

Our local farmer uses mules instead of tractors, in an effort to not be oil-dependent.

The fuel consumption, in this instance, isn't in favor of local. However, I buy local because I like supporting local farmers, I like being 'off the grid' from industrial food system, I like that I'm unafraid to eat the romaine in my fridge even though there was a major recall last week... lots of reasons.

Aven
post #12 of 16
Whew! It's heated in here! I'm not interested in debating, but here's my contribution to the thread -

If you look at *all* the factors of energetic input related to food production, it often makes more environmental sense to grow the food wherever the water is, and then ship it around. I know that fact rubs a lot of people the wrong way, but that's the actual breakdown. There's simply more to the equation than food miles. (see: Just Food)

There's also the concept of global communities, and economies that are based on export because one crop grows exquisitely there. (see: the Kenyan green beans)

All the anecdotal 'evidence' in this thread doesn't really mean much. If you live in an area with a long growing season and a thriving farm scene, that's super awesome (I do, and I take full advantage of it and it's great!). But you cannot use your experience to apply blanket statements/concepts to everybody else in the world. It just doesn't work like that everywhere.
post #13 of 16
Quote:
Originally Posted by phathui5 View Post
It would certainly mean going without oranges and avacadoes.
Dunno. I'm in New Jersey. I raise limes in my bedroom. Haven't tried any other citrus yet, but I'm sure it can be done, especially with some careful research into methods. Doesn't take any more energy to make heat for the limes, since I'm already sleeping in the bedroom anyway, right? Actually, during the dimmest months (December and January) I do need a Grow-lite for a few hours in the morning, to keep the tree thriving. So a minor expenditure of energy, I suppose.
post #14 of 16
Quote:
Originally Posted by ollyoxenfree View Post
Um, I suspect the "effort" refers to the amount of energy and other resources that go into producing food that wouldn't naturally grow in normal conditions in a particular region.
Where do you live? While I disagree with the article for me personally, I think where you live has a lot to do with how you view things.

I get what the author is saying about fuel costs. However, I think he's using the assumption that people are making long distance, additional trips to a farmer's market. What about people who only shop there and have markets close? That fuel would still be used to go to a grocery store.

We're lucky enough to live in WA, where there is a ton of local produce and farms.

I think the important thing to take away is to learn about the farms you buy your produce/meat from. How do they grow their food? I do think it's a lot easier to find out when you buy locally.

While I do buy a lot locally, I also buy from a regular supermarket, too. We still buy bananas, which are brought in from someone else.
post #15 of 16
Yeah, in some instances, local is certainly better (apples from ohio vs apples from china, for me, for example). In others? Not so much. Like, is it really better to use tons and tons of water to grow rice in California, where water is scarse, vs growing it in China where the fields are naturaly flooded in the monsoon? Probably not. We're probably better off long-term letting the chinese, vietnamese, etc grow the rice and ship it around the world. That is probably better for the world in general.

So, IMO, local is good as long as your doing it sensably. And for some people it surely makes wonderful sense. For others, not so much. We get raw milk/yogurt from a farm thats a good drive away. But, my mom can pick it up on the way down on sundays, or failing that, dh can pick it up on his way home from school on mondays. I very, very rarely make a special trip over there to pick up milk.

Now that the farmers market is going again I will be making a trip into town every... saturday or sunday (whichever it is), which I don't do in the off season. But I'll also be doing other errands around town then too - likely grocery shopping, picking up whatever animal feed we need, hitting the goodwill, etc.
post #16 of 16
To me, eating local includes eating in-season from sustainable farms. It is supporting farmers that are using land and water responsibly. Every fall there is a farm tour and we have visited every farm that supplies us with food. We know who butchers the animals, when and how the food is processed and more often than not, get insights into the farmers personal household sustainability. A drive to the farmer's market isn't just about buying food, it's about having a few minutes to chat with my food producers and about building a strong community.

I live in a great foodshed in central PA. I think the disconnect is that the author is in a very different place. For me, my lamb comes from a 200 year old farm, all pasture raised in a sustainable environment. For me, that makes much more sense than buying NZ lamb that is raised on pasture. IMO, if your options are buying NZ pastured lamb or British factory lamb, then don't eat lamb. If it is not sustainable in your foodshed, it's not an option (for regular consumption, I think some luxury goods, like spices, still have a place in a global food system). I understand the author's message, I just don't think it is globally applicable. For him, eating locally may use more fossil fuels but that is not the case in my foodshed. I think that is what is annoying people, the fact that the author didn't acknowledge that there are places where a local food economy can work and that the core of eating local is Know Your Farmer.
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