Hrmm. I'm not a poetry nerd exactly, but there are a few poems/poets I really like. Check our WB Yeats' "Had I The Heavens' Embroidered Cloths" - or watch Equilibrium, in which Sean Bean reads it out, which is pretty awesome. :p Some of Shakespeare's sonnets are pretty cool, although out of the time period you requested. I quite like the poems of CS Lewis, Tolkien and GK Chesterton - they were all known for their prose more than their poetry, but they're really interesting. Chesterton's "The Donkey" is one of my favourites, and "The Aristocrat". Sylvia Plath's poem about mushrooms (possibly just called "Mushrooms"?) is cute too. Oh, and Robert Frost's "When you are old and grey and full of sleep" - read it out first in thrilling, romantic tones, and then read it out again in a really sarcastic, snarky, evil-ex way. It's great. :)
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Watching Wit (movie with Emma Thompson, but originally a play) will give you an intro to John Donne, and probably induce a depressive fit as well. It's about cancer.
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You can probably find most poems online - just search for the author and/or title you want.
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Ooh, and William Carlos Williams ' "This Is Just To Say" is GORGEOUS. And I like some of the longer poems by AA Milne - "King John was not a good man" (forget the title) is fun.
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So basically, if you like one poem by an author, look up his other poems! I have to admit, for someone with a degree in English I'm really fuzzy on poetry. We didn't do a huge amount of it, just bits here and there. Lots of Renaissance poetry, which for the most part I absolutely hated.
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Oh, and Chaucer's cool. It's not poetry poetry - they're long, like stories - but the Canterbury Tales has some great moments. The Wife of Bath's Tale is a fun one to start with, if you don't mind bawdy medieval humour.