A child who is acting out because she is jealous (and 4) does not need to be separated from her family more. She needs much more connection.
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My initial reaction to your dp's suggestions is that they are unnecessarily harsh and will lead to more acting out, not less. Yes, she needs to have consequences when she acts inappropriately, but they need to be short term, directly related to what she did wrong, and intended to teach her something or give her time to calm down. 4 year olds are still working on cause-effect, and impulse control. Punishing a 4 year old for an entire weekend is way over the top, IMO. A whole week's worth? No.
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I think it might be helpful to back up and think about what you want to achieve here. How can you help your daughter learn self control? How can you help her feel more connected? How can you reduce the anger that she's feeling? She's very young, she's going to rely on you for a number of years yet to help regulate her emotions. This is normal.
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I also think you need to question the presumption that punishment = discipline that your dp seems to have. Discipline is much more effective if it's viewed as teaching. What does banning your dd to her room teach her? y take is: It teaches her that mom and dad don't love her, or they only love her when she's well behaved. She's not allowed to have strong emotions and be loved. Is that what you want her to learn?
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In our house, if dd hit us, she was immediately sent to her room to cool down. There wasn't a time limit set on it, but she had to be not screaming and lashing out before she came out. We then asked her to make amends to the person that was hurt -- give them a hug, say sorry, do something nice for them. She could choose what she did, but she did have to make amends. (And no, it wasn't always sincere, but you know, sometimes you need to learn the action.) And then it was done. We would talk at another time about things she could do differently. We would play act some of the things that made her mad with her stuffed animals.
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Dd is 6 1/2 now. She hasn't hit anyone is 6 months or more. She didn't hit people often, but she would lash out occasionally. She's still working on her tone of voice (she tends to be very vocal and can sound bossy/whiny), but again, it's not a deliberate "I'm sassing you", it's a loss of control. She's got very powerful emotions. She's very sensitive and feels things deeply. She has the potential to be a powerful advocate for some cause near and dear to her heart when she gets older. What she needs to learn now is to see other people's perspectives and to channel her powerful feelings into appropriate behaviors. She still screams at times. She's learning to take those screaming fits to her room by herself. (In fact, I took a break from this post and she stomped off to my room because she was mad at her brother. This is huge progress.) We did not see this progress by shunning her. We saw it by separating her until we could be safe, and the reconnecting.
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Things that happen at school are dealt with at school for the most part. If the school has disciplined my child, then they're done. I don't need to pile it on at home. We might talk about it and brainstorm other solutions, but we won't punish for something that's over and done with. I don't know what I'd do for a really big issue at school (deliberate bullying, stealing, major offense of some sort), but I suspect it would be mostly to back up what the school is doing.
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If you're going to do a rewards chart, then I think you need to do two things:
1. There needs to be a specific behavior that she can do to earn rewards. "Be nice" is too vague. "Don't spit on people" is a fine goal, but it doesn't give her anything to do when she's mad. What do you want her to do when she's mad? In our house, stomping off to your room and slamming your door is OK. Not great, but OK. (And since mom does it, I really can't complain.)
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2. The rewards need to be very easy to achieve in the beginning (like a reward in the AM and the PM) and slowly build up to something bigger. So, a small reward in the AM, then another small one in the PM. If she gets 6 rewards, she gets to do something special with mom or dad (bake cookies, take a walk to see the christmas lights... I wouldn't have this be a money thing -- what she needs is more time and more connection). Then the next interval is 8 rewards, then 10, etc. When she goes two weeks with the new behavior under control, then you can work on something else.
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3. Work on one or two things at a time. I made the mistake with dd this fall of trying to work on three things at once. I thought they were 'one' (not whining), but really, they were three: Not whining during chores, not whining during homework, and not whining during piano practice. When I posted about my failure with using a reward chart, people pointed out to me that it was too many goals, and I had too high a standard for getting a reward (only one whining episode a week). After 2 days dd took the chart and wrote "I HATE CHORES!" across the top and stopped caring about the reward.
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In your case, I would work on the spitting and hitting. These are antisocial behaviors that will get her into trouble in a lot of places. I'd let the kicking the door and screaming go and work on that later. But you need to come up with something for her to do in place of these behaviors.
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I would recommend that you read:
Understanding Tears and Tantrums
The Secret of Parenting (this is on the more 'strict' end of GD, so it's a place to start.
Playful Parenting -- really really good ways to connect with kids. I find that when I spend 30 minutes a day connecting with my kids and playing with them following their lead, the behavior issues plummet dramatically. They still pop up when they're hungry or tired, but they're manageable. When I get busy and stressed and can't do this, the behavior goes downhill. There's more bickering, more complaints and whining and more behavior that gets on my nerves.
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Finally, I would recommend that you ask several questions to your partner:
1. What do you want her to learn? (And he can't say 'not to spit' -- it's got to be phrased as something she should do)
2. How is your solution going to teach her that?
3. What are acceptable ways for her to express anger and frustration?
4. How can we teach her that?