I'm not a grad student, but I am working FT and do the bulk of the housework. First off, I don't mean to add to your list, but I think these things are very important:
1. You time
2. Couple time with your DH
3. Family time (sort of covered under kid/mom time, but I feel it's important to mention separately)
You probably already do all of this, but make sure it is on your mental priority list too! I fit in me time at lunch if nowhere else, though I do sometimes squish it with errands and whatnot and couple time with DH I try to fit something in most evenings after our DD is in bed, but sometimes I have to cut it short to catch up on sleep. Family time for us is all three of us doing stuff together.
Some things I have let go (I think that sounds nicer than cutting corners):
-I do a lot more carryout/delivery food than I would like ideally, though at least we try to pick healthy choices (it's not as hard as it used to be, though you rarely can find low sodium options). On really bad weeks, we only cook on the weekends. Also, note the "we", your DH can help out here for sure (this will be a running theme) at least on the weekends if it is too long to wait after he gets home from work. DH does most of the cooking right now in our house.
-I do keep up with laundry, but I don't have a set schedule and allow myself to be flexible. I also will wash just about anything together if I need to. I also don't buy many clothes that need extra care. I hate dry-clean-only or hand-wash and never buy that kind of stuff and I never iron anything and buy clothes that are fine with wash and wear, hanging to dry I am fine with and have a good drying rack to make that easier. I also have no problem letting things sit in the dryer for awhile, especially towels or whatever that it doesn't matter if they wrinkle. DH can help here a bunch as laundry is so flexible.
-I sometimes let dishes sit overnight, we have a double basin sink so my "requirement" is one basin has to be clear. DH can help here too if he isn't.
-I do a quick daily clean up at night (talking 15 minutes max) and otherwise I try to clean a little bit as I go. With kids sometimes this feels like a lost cause, but it really is noticeable on the days when I don't keep up with it. Getting your kids to help clean up their toys a bit and getting DH to help with this (at least with his own stuff) is key.
-I'm not a student currently, but there is no way I would retype notes. Reading the texts and taking notes, yup, retyping notes, no way!
-I hear you on going out of your way to prove you are intelligent or whatever. I'm an engineer so I definitely get this one as I feel the same pressure to do this too, but I've really tried to let go of this as much as possible. I care what my boss, coworkers and others I work closely with me think, but they really know me, so they know I am smart and capable. If some random person makes an assumption, that's on them. So I guess here I let my work speak for itself and trust it will.
-I do feel the pressure to play with my girl, especially during the week where I barely see her before and after daycare, but I also realize that it is good for her to learn to entertain herself too and to learn patience and all that, so I set aside some time on weekdays in the morning and evening to play with her, but then also set aside time to let her do her own thing while I do mine in the same room.
-Planning fun activities is great, but you have to put a reasonable limit on it. Once a week or once every other week maybe? That way you can really plan it to be fun and exciting. Otherwise, maybe start some traditions like card/board game Wednesday or pretend play Thursday, things like that. Maybe a library visit on a set day once a week. Stuff your kids can look forward to and break up the days, but that don't require tons of planning for each thing on your part. For me, once a month for a cool activity would be fine by me if I have some more run-of-the-mill activities liberally sprinkled in.
-Cooking whole foods is great, but again for me, I can't do it every meal and that's ok. My compromise is mostly whole foods when I cook with the occasional side of something quick and easy and when we do carryout we pick healthy stuff and limit the junk to once or twice a week.
-Finally, I try to use my time efficiently. Standing in the kitchen feeding my DD? Well, I can load a few dishes in the dishwasher, maybe wipe the counters down, etc. Going upstairs to change a diaper? May as well grab the pants and socks my DH left out and put them in the hamper. Little things like that add up to a lot of time saved and to me it's a competition with myself to see how efficient I can be
