I think your ability to adopt (without fostering) a younger/healthier child might be dependant on the state or county in which you live. I know people in my state that were able to adopt "healthy" two yr olds w/o fostering (one turned out to have some emotional issues later on), i myself was "offered" two different two yr old girls as adoptive placements but had to pass due to already having two 2 yr olds at the time...my friend was going to adopt a sib group of three (2,4,5 at match), and during my adoption orientation they had a mom who was adopting a child who was i think 9 or 11 months at placement (she wasnt fostering) and another foster parent who said she let her baby fc go to an adoptive home due to not feeling like he was supposed to be her child...so it can and DOES happen. I wouldnt say its typical, the more typical scenario is that you have a young child placed with you, wait a year or longer while the legal stuff plays out, they may become available and you may or may not lose them to relatives. I've adopted one child (placed at three weeks, finalized at 11 months) and it was very fast, straightforward. My current kids who were 17 months and 8 at placement, it went very quickly to adoption but the process getting to finalization hasnt been easy. So you just really never know. Alot depends on the "climate" in your area. There is a poster who doesnt seem around much anymore (BCFD?) who basically adopted three babies through foster care, i recall her saying that there were many infants placed with those in her training class who went quickly to TPR. THey were "fast tracked" or something. In other areas that would be almost unheard of. I do know that in most places if you call saying "i want to adopt a healthy infant or toddler" they will feel that is unrealistic and may not want to work with you. That being said, i think for my next placement, once i change agencies, i will be asking for a child under a year old for whom adoption is the goal, and while i may have to wait awhile im pretty confident such a child will eventually come along.
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