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Originally Posted by Calm 
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In studying disease eradication, we need to look at other aspects. Â Diseases naturally eradicate themselves. Â Belief in this idea is crucial to even have a chance of being open to ideas apart from vax for health advances. Â We can look back at how ridiculous it was to suffer scurvy when the cure was so simple... but science simply could not figure it out. Â In fact, we always look back and scoff at how infantile science was "back then", and to think in future our children won't look back on us as total idiots is arrogant and not learning from history. Â Right now, there are tons of things, perhaps all things, we do medically that will seem completely ridiculous, and bluntly: incompetent and dangerous. Â Chemotherapy, for starters. Â That's akin to blood letting but if you even mention that, even with its sorry 5% "success" rate, people invariably get their panties in a wad about how brilliant it is and how modernity has saved us. Â Um. Yeah. Â Whatever. Â Chemo is the best we have right now. Â To put it on a higher pedestal than that is at the very least pessimistic. Â
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Sure, it is possible for natural selection to lead to humans who are resistant to a disease or for a disease to mutate away from virulence over time. Â But smallpox has been around for millennia. Â Should we have patiently have waited through a few thousand more years of death and suffering for it maybe to have gone away?
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I certainly do hope and expect that future generations have much better medicine than we do. Â But yes, as brutal as it can be some times, chemo is the best we have in many cases at this time, and it can be very effective. Â What sort of chemo has a 5% success rate for treating what sort of cancer? Is that only for chemo used by itself, or also used in combination with other treatments such as surgery and/or radiation? And what is success? Â Is it a good five year survival rate? Â Is it preventing a cancer likely to recur many years after surgery or radiation from doing so? Â Is it giving a person with terminal cancer a few more months or a year extra to spend with their family? Â Chemo is used for all sorts of different things and with all sorts of different goals. Â For some cancers, such as acute leukemia in children, it can be quite effective in saving their lives. Â For others, it is so ineffective that it is not even part of the recommended treatment. Â
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Unlike blooodletting, chemo is backed up by studies and actual evidence to show just how effective it is at achieving various goals in various situations, and to even try to assign a blanket number to the effectiveness of chemo in general is absurd. Â It's like picking up a big paint roller and asking how effective a tool it is and getting a an answer that tries to average it out over every possible use of paint and represent it with a single percentage. Â To be at all useful the answer would at least have to take into consideration whether you want to use it to paint a finely detailed portrait or to paint a large wall.Â
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I want to address the small number of people vaccinated point too, but it is kind of a big deal toward the topic of this thread, and something that comes up a lot, so I'll post it later by itself so it isn't lost amidst this post which may very well be tl;dr.
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
miriamÂ

Why wasn't smallpox eradicated by the Chinese thousands of years ago when they used the "dried pus sniffed into the nose" method? Â That method was used all over China and the Middle East for a very long time by very many people. It is described in the Mothering Book, Vaccines: Issue For Our Times, the first issue. That method was used for thousands of years and smallpox was NOT eradicated in all of that time anywhere.Â
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I think how smallpox kills has been addressed by others already, but to answer your other question...
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The "sniffed into the nose" method was called variolation, and it was used in lots of places over a very long time, though sniffing into the nose may have been particular to the Chinese, inserting a bit of dried scab into a small cut was more common. Â There were two main strains of smallpox, variola major and variola minor. Â The former killed around 30% of its victims while the latter only 1 or 2%. Â For variolation, they generally used material from a person who had had a mild case of smallpox, and thus was more likely to have had variola minor, though they didn't know the specifics of how that worked then. Â Also, by using a very small amount of material, the initial dose of virus may have been less than typically aquired by breathing in right very close to someone who coughs or sneezes out smallpox virus, and thus give the immune system a slight headstart in responding to the infection as the virus takes slightly longer to multiply enough to cause illness. Â
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But as for why this didn't eradicate smallpox is primarily because it was deliberate infection with live smallpox mattter. Â Just as vaccination with vaccinia virus can actually spread vaccinia, variolation can and did spread smallpox, and this happened much, much more often than with the much milder and much more likely to remain localized to vaccination site vaccinia. Â There were actual smallpox outbreaks that were started by variolation. Â Also, just because someone had a mild case of smallpox did not absolutely guarantee that they had variola minor rather than major, so variola major could be spread by variolation as well, and variola minor was deadly in itself even if less so than major. Â And finally, the smallpox vaccination campaigns worked because they chased down every outbreak of smallpox and brought the vaccine wherever smallpox was to minimize the number of cases and stop the spread (this was succesful due to a lot of effort and the characteristics of smallpox, there are many disease for which these methods would not be effective). Â But while variolation was widespread, it was not used universally in all places where smallpox was spreading. Â And even if one local variolated all of it's population and they all suffered from relatively mild cases (though 1-2% died from the variolation) and thus were mostly immune to smallpox (just as vaccination, variolation could sometimes not take, for instance if the material used did not actually contain any live virus), as long as smallpox existed elsewhere it could return to infect a less protected future generation.Â
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Calm 
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Can scurvy be eradicated? Â In my opinion, the answer to that question is the same as the answer to the question of communicable diseases. Â
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What does it take to eradicate a disease?  I personally think it takes high immune function which is stimulated by a biologically appropriate lifestyle.   When we look at a time line though, what it shows is that it takes time.  But that is usually time to spread the information to the people.  And even then, what we had last century was an accidental decrease in mortality... all we have are guesses as to why the death rates plummeted to virtually all diseases, communicable or not, before vaccines and antibiotics. Â
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Imagine what would happen if our nutrition wasn't just "better" than medieval, but was "optimal"?  Look what happened with the subtle changes in our environments and access to foods.  I know we're talking about eradication which is cases, not mortality, but what mortality rates show us is our strength against diseases.  Our defenses against acute disease such as viral and bacterial in the west had gained magnificent strength last century in the west.  When we follow the pattern of diseases, we see that those that are proven directly related to diet had the exact same decrease in mortality as the communicable ones, as this chart shows, comparing measles and scurvy.  Yet oh how strongly science had refused to acknowledge this connection when it comes to communicable disease!  In fact, all the clinical trials on vitamin A for measles is dated 1989 or later.  Time.  It seems to take a lot of frustrating time.
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Scurvy is not caused by a virus or bacteria that the immune system could fight off, it is the direct result of a deficiency of vitamin C. Â Of course preventing the deficiency will prevent scurvy. It is not a infectious disease, you can't catch it form someone who has it or be infected by it lurking in the environment. Â While it may serve as an example of scientific progress and how we now have answers to things that were once mysteries, and thus can hope to someday have answers to current mysteries, it does not in the least answer any questions about communicable diseases since it is not an example of one.Â
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Malnutrition does for sure weaken the immune system and leave us more susceptible to catching communicable diseases and less able to fight them off. Â So does stress, lack of sleep, lack of exercise, or too much exercise - plain old physical exhaustion from overdoing it. . Â These things all get in the way of the immune system acting as it should. Doctors know this, though I agree that they are often too quick to brush off getting people to eat better as something that they aren't going to convince people to change any way so why bother trying. Â
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But there is no such thing as a perfect immune system. Â Doing the right things can help keep the immune system functioning properly, but even when it is functioning properly, while that gives it a much better chance of fighting the disease, sometimes the disease still wins. Â There is no evidence that any particular diet or lifestyle (besides living as an absolute hermit, I suppose, can't catch a disease from a person if you have no contact) will make the immune system able to fight off all disease. Â There is no evidence that an optimal diet and lifestyle would have made any difference in whether or not people got smallpox, for instance, though it likely would have prevented some cases from ending in death. Â
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And just what is an optimal diet? Â I think you weigh in on the raw vegan side, right? But if you just look around the forum a little, you will find plenty of people who would swear that that is a horribly unhealthy diet and the paleo diet is what everyone should be doing and bring forth a bunch of links to scientific sounding stuff and a large reading list to support this. Â I myself am not really down with the raw, but do lean toward the Micheal Pollan "Eat food. Not too much. Â Mostly plants" way of thinking, but really, nutrition is a very complicated science, and while there are certainly thing we know are very unhealthy, there is not a lot to back up any single mode of diet as the one true way of eating for perfect health.Â
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