http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/786414-overview
tetanus  is an illness characterized by an acute onset of hypertonia, painful muscular contractions (usually of the muscles of the jaw and neck), and generalized muscle spasms without other apparent medical causes.
Although records from antiquity (5th century BC) contain descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals. This was accomplished by injecting them with pus from a fatal human tetanus case. During that same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the organism from an infected human, showed that it produced disease when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific antibodies. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred antitoxin. Passive immunization in humans was used for treatment and prophylaxis during World War I. Tetanus toxoid was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II.
Despite widespread immunization of infants and children in the United States since the 1940s, tetanus still occurs in the United States. Currently, tetanus is a severe disease primarily of older adults who are unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated. Worldwide, most reported cases of tetanus are the neonatal type. The last reported case of neonatal tetanus in the United States was in 1998; this was only the second case since 1989, and neither of the mothers had ever received tetanus vaccinations.
For more information, see Medscape's Vaccine ResourceÂ