Staph and Prevnar

[snowbird25ca]

I seem to remember reading on another thread awhile back that sero-replacement that's happening because of the prevnar vax is leading to an increase in staph infection. I'm starting to hear more and more about other kids having it and when dd was diagnosed with a staph infection her dr said that she'd been seeing a lot of it lately too.

Anyone have links to studies or no more about this? Or am I remembering wrong?

[Gitti]

You remembered correctly. Anytime we try to get rid of a bacteria there is a void which will be replaced by some other bacteria and thereby give that one an edge which can cause a new disease.

No link. I am sure you'll get some soon though.

[mamakay]

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/art...?artid=1112059

Why are there so many serotypes of proteins that cause blood coagulation? From our results, we presume that antigenic variation in staphylocoagulases might be useful to evade the host immune response and/or to adapt to the different staphylocoagulase-prothrombin binding sites of mammalian species. Vaccines against the type b capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) have been used to reduce the incidence of invasive diseases caused by H. influenzae in industrial countries. However, as the use of the vaccines increased, the number of non-Hib strains in clinical isolates has also increased (29, 33, 49). The possibility of “serotype replacement” has been raising concerns. It can be postulated that staphylocoagulases changed their antigenicities by altering amino acids to evade the host defense system.

http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/re...suppl_3/59.pdf

However, immunization can also place
selective pressure on the nasopharyngeal flora, promoting the
emergence of new pathogens. A shift towards non-vaccineserotypes has been observed among vaccinees in several studies.
109 In South Africa, the carriage of non-vaccine serotypes
was increased from 24% in controls to 36% in the vaccines
group. A significant increase was seen in the carriage of
serotypes 7 and 15, important causes of invasive disease.109

And this one specifically mentions staph infections caused by Prevnar..

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15841788

A trial with a 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine in children with recurrent acute otitis media showed a shift In pneumococcal colonisation towards non-vaccine serotypes and an Increase In Staphylococcus aureus-related acute otitis media after vaccination. We investigated prevalence and determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumonlae and S aureus in 3198 healthy children aged 1-19 years. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S pneumonlae was detected In 598 (19%) children, and was affected by age (peak Incidence at 3 years) and day-care attendance (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% Cl 1.44-3.18). S aureus carriage was affected by age (peak incidence at 10 years) and male sex (OR 1.46, 1.25-1.70). Serotyping showed 42% vaccine type pneumococci. We noted a negative correlation for co-colonisation of S aureus and vaccine-type pneumococci (OR 0.68, 0.48-0.94), but not for S aureus and non-vaccine serotypes. These findings suggest a natural competition between colonisation with vaccine-type pneumococci and S aureus, which might explain the Increase in S aureus-related otitis media after vaccination.

[mamakay]

Play around with google scholar. (go ahead and add it to your favorite's list. )

http://scholar.google.com/

This stuff is very well documented.

[mamakay]

Bumping and adding a new link on serotype replacement:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...&dopt=Abstract

FINDINGS: We noted no reduction of AOM episodes in the pneumococcal vaccine group compared with controls (intention-to-treat analysis: rate ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.99-1.57). Although nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci of serotypes included in the conjugate-vaccine was greatly reduced after pneumococcal vaccinations, immediate and complete replacement by non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes took place.

[Gitti]

Man, that Hib and the pneumococcal vax sure cause a lot of problems.

I LIKE that ScholarGoogle.

All I typed in was "vaccines and serotype replacement" and WOW!
Just WOW!

[ladyslipper]

Wow-That's interesting. I have just returned from the hospital where my dd spent a whole week getting an egg sized lump removed caused by staph infection. I vaxed her up until 6 months. She is 9 months now and the doctor told me that this lump on her neck probaly started growing a few months ago. The thought that a vax caused it crossed my mind several times. The doctors told me that staph infections are common and found on the skin. I have stopped vaxing her because of my guilt and confusion about the medical industry and who's best interest they have in mind. Thanks for posting this thread...very interesting.

THe doctor told me that there's a specific staph that is like a "mutant staph" and certain antibiotics cannot get rid of it. She also told that she is seeing staph a lot lately. hmmm.

[mamakay]

Originally Posted by Gitti

Man, that Hib and the pneumococcal vax sure cause a lot of problems.

I LIKE that ScholarGoogle.

All I typed in was "vaccines and serotype replacement" and WOW!
Just WOW!

Google scholar is incredible, isn't it?
If you click on the "group of" option, you can find fulltexts a lot of times. And the "cited by" feature will take you to the most current research, so if you find something interesting, you can see if it's been expanded on or "debunked" or whatever.

I use GS for everything now. Attachment theory, animal behaviorism, whatever my question about how the universe works is, if the answer exists...google scholar will help me find it.



It's like nerd heaven...lol...

[mamakay]

Originally Posted by ladyslipper

Wow-That's interesting. I have just returned from the hospital where my dd spent a whole week getting an egg sized lump removed caused by staph infection. I vaxed her up until 6 months. She is 9 months now and the doctor told me that this lump on her neck probaly started growing a few months ago. The thought that a vax caused it crossed my mind several times. The doctors told me that staph infections are common and found on the skin. I have stopped vaxing her because of my guilt and confusion about the medical industry and who's best interest they have in mind. Thanks for posting this thread...very interesting.

THe doctor told me that there's a specific staph that is like a "mutant staph" and certain antibiotics cannot get rid of it. She also told that she is seeing staph a lot lately. hmmm.

Well, they're making a staph vax now, too.:

It'll never end.

[anewmama]

found some interesting articles on HIB and Pneumococal and serotype replacement:

http://www.cdc.gov/Ncidod/EID/vol5no3/lipsitch.htm

http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JID...140574747Guest

[Deborah]

Originally Posted by mamakay

Well, they're making a staph vax now, too.:

It'll never end.

Yup! If something isn't working out the way you hoped it would: just keep doing the same thing, only bigger and better: but what do we know, just a bunch of ignorant moms and grandmas.:

[mamakay]

Good charts on Prevnar serotype replacement in the UK:

http://www.mothering.com/discussions...15&postcount=8

[mamakay]

This is kinda a headache to use, but here you can watch the changing epidemiology of some of the various bacteria:

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/survreports.htm

Prevnar was introduced in 2001, and you can see that "overall cases of bacterial meningitis" in kids under 2 has actually gone UP since then.

Non-b strain Hi bacteria are also on the rise for bacterial meningitis in kids under two.

[Deborah]

Prevnar was introduced in 2001, and you can see that "overall cases of bacterial meningitis" in kids under 2 has actually gone UP since then.

Gosh, big help that was! And it is over $200 for the series besides. This is a wonderful example of vaxes saving us from disease.

[mamakay]

More on prevnar and staph...

http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/188/13/4996

The bactericidal activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae toward Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Catalase eliminated this activity. Pneumococci grown anaerobically or genetically lacking pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) were not bactericidal, nor were nonpneumococcal streptococci. These results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the interspecies interference observed in epidemiologic studies.

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/6/716

Results
Among 790 children screened, 43% carried S pneumoniae and 10% carried S aureus. Staphylococcus aureus carriage among S pneumoniae carriers was 6.5% vs 12.9% in S pneumoniae noncarriers. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage among S aureus carriers was 27.5% vs 44.8% in S aureus noncarriers. Only 2.8% carried both pathogens concomitantly vs 4.3% expected dual carriage (P = .03). Risk factors for S pneumoniae carriage (attending day care, having young siblings, and age older than 3 months) were negatively associated with S aureus carriage.

Conclusions
Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, specifically of vaccine-type strains, is negatively associated with S aureus carriage in children. The implications of these findings in the pneumococcal vaccine era require further investigation.

[Deborah]

Hilary Butler wrote about this recently over in NZ:
http://www.wellwithin1.com/HibPneuBu...006letters.pdf
This is a big pdf file so anyone on dial up probably won't want to bother:

It basically shows that the problem of serotype replacement was clear back in 1992, but they have merrily forged ahead with new vaccines...

Well worth reading.

[13Sandals]

and...now they've added Mencarta for toddlers which will further fool with the bacterial balance of the body.
And they know what's going on! They know, and still.....:

ETA: and this doesn't just affect those who choose to vax...the strains not covered by the vaxes are in higher concentrations in those vaccinated, facilitating the spread of the bacteria to others, vaxed or not. And they are constantly telling the non-vaxers how dangerous and irresponsible they are.

[mamakay]

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/art...?artid=1482988

If the association is causal and acquisition of S. pneumoniae eradicates S. aureus carriage, then use of pneumococcal vaccines may eliminate the “protective” effect of S. pneumoniae against S. aureus carriage and an increase in S. aureus carriage will follow. Increased S. aureus otitis media has been observed among vaccinees in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine randomized trial (23). Whether the current increase in severe community-acquired S. aureus infections, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (6), is partially caused by the recent introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is yet to be determined.

Does anyone else think determining that should, like, be a priority right about now?
Since they're about to nix another 6 pneumococcal serotypes from the human bacterial flora with Prevnar version 13.0?

[Deborah]

Well, I think so. But I doubt very much if anyone in a position of power cares what I think.

Sigh...

[mamakay]

Another one:

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/292/6/716

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-
type S pneumoniae. Our finding of
an inverse relationship between vaccinetype
S pneumoniae and S aureus may imply
an upcoming shift, not only toward
nonvaccine S pneumoniae serotypes17 but
also toward higher S aureus carriage rates
in children. This would be particularly
disturbing in light of the emergence of
community-associated methicillinresistant
S aureus.5,6,18 This possibility is
supported by a recent report of an increased
rate of S aureus culturepositive
draining ears in vaccinated children
compared with controls.

Our study suggests a protective role
of S pneumoniae carriage against S aureus
carriage. Studies measuring the
effect of vaccination on S pneumoniae
epidemiology should also examine concurrent
changes in S aureus.