We seem to do things very differently than everyone else here...
Handling the budget/bills/money is my job. But, and I admit this freely, I HATE IT! I HATE balancing the checkbook, I HATE tracking costs, I HATE it all. So I don't.
We have allotted X amount for everything. Cable, phone, electric, water, garbage, mortgage, insurance, car payment, groceries, gas, bridge toll, and a monthly allowance for each of us. Every one of the variable bills (electric, phone, groceries) has a maximum budgetary allowance of X. If we go over X (like the electric bill for December), the difference comes out of our "cushion", and we make some changes to our habits next month (turned down the thermostat). If we are under X, wonderful. All the money for everything comes out of a single account, by check or debit card. And whatever is left in the account at the end of the month is our "cushion" for next month. If I start noticing our cushion is decreasing on the monthly bank statements (like it did in November- December), I start analyzing our spending (lots of guests, fertility treatments not covered by insurance, DH took a week off work, we ate out more, I spent Dec with morning sickness so would only eat X, etc.), and if changes have to be made, we make them. I also re-evaluate about once a year, in case prices have changed, like with gas or the bridge tolls (which just went up $1/day), so I have to adjust the budget to account for that, and see where we stand. But, if we eat out (except for special occasions, which have a different budget), it comes out of the grocery budget the next week.
But I will point out a few reasons this works for us. DH makes more than we spend in an average month (not by much, but enough). If things were tighter, I'd have to keep closer track. Our "cushion" is generally about 2+ months pay (it didn't start that way, but that's where it's at now). If it weren't there, I'd have to keep closer track. I can be very disciplined about the variable expenditures (like groceries)... I know I have X to spend every week, I go shopping once a week and don't spend more than X, and if I run out of something before the week is out, tough. Lately, I've been doing the shopping every 10 days or so (instead of 7), and trying to see if I can keep to 2/3 of the budget (as a personal challenge), and so far have been successful, that's extra money in the "cushion". If I can maintain the grocery budget at 2/3 for a while longer, I'll reduce it's budgetary allotment, and free that money up for something else (probably home improvements). We also have rules about "unusual" expenses, like car repairs or vet bills. If it's over X amount, it goes on the cc, to be paid off over 2-3 months (depending on the amount). If it's under, we pay by check/debit and it comes out of the cushion. Property taxes are another big chunk out of the cushion, but honestly, that's why it's there (another reason we had a problem in Nov-Dec).
I honestly couldn't handle having cash in the house (to use the envelope method). I am horrible with cash. I know it. If I have cash, it's available to spend, regardless of whether the bills have been paid, the budget, whatever. So I never have it/carry it. DH carries his allowance in cash (if I need it for something), and I have a change jar for parking meter/bus money (I can buy train tickets with debit).