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Hypothetical birth question (VBAC, SD, 4th degree tear)  

post #1 of 8
Thread Starter 
Heyla!

My dh and I have been discussing having more children but I do not want to TTC if I know for sure the best birth option would be via c/s. I'm ok with a c/s situation developing but wont go into this knowing it's a "sure thing". So I kind of wondered if anyone here has an opinion about my birth history?

My first birth labor began at 42wks 3 days with SROM. Contractions didn't begin for another day (I was at home). When they did start I dilated quickly to 7cm and then stopped progressing. The c/s was done after ~32 hours of non-stop back labor, 19 of those hours at 7cm. DD1 was large-ish (9lbs 5oz) with an extremely large head. She was posterior and asynclitic with pronounced molding over her ear. I had a wonderfully supportive care provider (family practice) and amazingly pro-birth hospital. There were no restrictions on my moving, eating, drinking, walking the halls, etc. I had full access to a birth pool, birth ball, stool, etc and the staff was very much "in the background/call us if you need us". I had a doula and supportive partner. The eventual c/s was without incident, I healed quickly, but I was later diagnosed with PPD and mild PTSD which I attribute in large part to the difficult labor and unwanted/unexpected surgery.

With dd2 I again had two wonderfully supportive VBAC OBs (trained and birthed their own child on the Farm, 110% pro natural birth supporters) and was again at a very vbac/birth friendly hospital. Again my water broke on it's own but this time contractions picked up right away and I was only a few days past 40 weeks. There was no back labor (there were breaks between contractions!), everything progressed quickly until the pushing phase. Although I again had total freedom of movement (only "requirements" for a vbac mama were a heplock and a blood pressure check for me/a heart tone check for babe via doppler every 15 minutes while pushing), a supportive VBAC doula and partner, and eventually as much assistance as necessary to help me move into different positions... I still pushed for roughly 4 hours.

It seemed that dd's head was impacted (hadn't moved visibly in an hour despite being "right there") so I agreed to a small episiotomy and the use of the vacuum. They pulled during one contraction, stopped, and a contraction later I birthed her head. She then developed a shoulder dystocia lasting ~4 minutes. I was in a squatting position when her head was delivered, then moved into the gaskin position, then on my back with legs waaaaaay back, then into gaskin again, and finally my OB basically "reached in" to manually twist dd down and out. I had a 4th degree tear as a result (it didn't exactly follow the epi though, so I had two "lines" of stitiches. One short and one looooooong). DD was a little smaller than her sister... 9lbs even with a tiny head. She recovered well with oxygen and massage (on my belly, and they had me on O2 as well with delayed cord cutting to help get as much oxygen into her as possible) and had no obvious nerve damage or broken bones. She did have a very odd "crest" on her head though where she was pushing against the bone during the time she was stuck. It lasted longer than the rest of the molding.

I am still healing physically (8.5mo after the birth) with a decent amount of pain along the scar line. I also developed a mild uterine and mild-moderate bladder prolapse. We wouldn't TTC for at least another 4-5 months so this is very much a "down the road a ways" situation.

Anyway, I am a reference librarian and I did the research. There aren't a heck of a lot of studies out there on 4th tears and sd but... what are your opinions or professional experiences? The "once a c/s always a c/s" statement is obviously out the window IMO. But now I have to add the "once a shoulder dystocia always a c/s" and "once a 4th degree tear always a c/s" statements into the mix. Then top that mix with the prolapse situation (though I'm of the opinion that c/s aggravates prolapse instead of reducing it).

I know some mamas here at mdc have had a 4th degree and gone on to have happy, tear free, births. I know some mamas have had shoulder dystocia and gone on to birth without incident. But I don't know...

Of the two OBs I birthed with the husband suggested that I consider ercs for future births, the wife suggested I give it time and then perhaps get an u/s to measure the babe's head circumfrence when I reached 38 or 39 weeks before deciding about ercs. But I don't want to TTC if I KNOW it will be a c/s ending, you know?

Thanks for reading this far... any ideas?
post #2 of 8
There is a much higher incidence of shoulder dystocia when vacuum is used. It's possible that the baby wasn't meant to come out that way and forcing her out with suction may not have been the wisest course for her. I don't mean to be negative, but I'm left to wonder if there's a reason why it was so difficult for you to birth both of these babies vaginally. As a midwife, I wouldn't be worried about the VBAC nor the previous 4th degree, but I would be a bit leery about the reasons behind them. That said, I think it should be completely up to you whether or not you want to go VBAC again. You've obviously proved you can do it, and having had a 4th degree tear shouldn't be the deciding factor in whether or not to do it again.
post #3 of 8
Thread Starter 
Not negative at all... it's something I've wondered. I am a doula, a natural birth advocate, a hypnobabies birther, and a firm believer that birth just happens if you leave it alone. So of course I wonder why it didn't "just happen" for me! Am I really in that small percentage of women who just "wont" have a positive birth outcome if left to themselves?

Both girls were big, but my family runs to big babes (my 9lbs is the smallest out of two generations on my mom's side, 10-12 is more our "norm"). I'm the only one in my generation to have a c/s but there have been two other births with SD (an aunt and a cousin). One of those babes didn't make it. (I didn't know about either SD prior to my own birth btw).

I do have a strong family history of blood sugar disorders but have never had a problem myself so I don't think that is a contributing factor. No pelvic abnormalities that I'm aware of. In my first birth I assumed the problem was a large first baby/abnormally large head plus spontaneous rupture prior to labor plus posterior/asynclitic presentation leading to no "wiggle room" for dd... she got herself jammed in there pretty good and just couldn't wiggle herself around without the fluid to cushion her noggin (and we tried just about everything we could think of short of handstands). So with dd2 I was obsessed with fetal positioning and keeping things "lined up for exit"... she remained in wonderful position until I was pushing. DH said he could see her moving all over the place, flipping from side to side as I pushed. And I know that after I'd been pushing for a few hours and dd's head wasn't advancing my doula and dr did suggest some positions (side lying and polar bear were the two I remember) to try and help dd use gravity to shift into a better alignment.

So it is possible there is something wonky about the physical nature of my pelvis that I just don't know about (or possibly scar tissue and adhesions putting pressure someplace they shouldn't as a result of the first c/s). I just don't know.

While I totally agree that vacuum (or any instrumental delivery) increases risks of SD since it generally prevents the necessary "twisting" done by the babe I'm not totally convinced that it's all cause-effect. I haven't seen studies that explore the situation prior to the vacuum... was the vacuum the first link in the chain or was it just the "next step" leading to a babe stuck further down than they already were? And the vacuum wasn't being applied when I birthed dd2. It was used during one contraction, then I pushed dd2 out in a few minutes. I do think that another care provider would have suggested a repeat c/s so I am glad my care providers wanted to try something else first. But I agree, she clearly wasn't "happy" about how her birth was going and a repeat c/s may have been called for if the vacuum hadn't shifted her a bit.

I had "natural" births up to the c/s with dd1 and had no medications or interventions until the episio with dd2 (and even then there were no drugs involved until after dd2 was delivered...the episio and vacuum were done without meds, after the birth I had a shot of pitocin to control bleeding and eventually a shot of narcotic pain med since the local didn't "take" and the 45 minutes of suturing without pain control were more than I could take). The birth rooms at my hospital are small, cozy, private, calm, and I was totally comfortable there. Nobody was popping in, turning on the lights, changing the temp, asking me to wear anything (I birth nekkid and was totally comfortable). I ate and drank at will, walked and belly danced and moved in the hot tub. I used hypnobabies with dd2's birth and really enjoyed most of it!

But dd1 was stuck beyond birthing and dd2 was stuck at the end. So yes... I wonder if a third babe would get stuck too. And the only positive indicator of future SD risk I can find is if mama had a SD in the past. I don't want another tear but it's something I can deal with. SD ending badly for my babe though... I don't think I'd deal well with that.

I know this is all in the hypothetical future though... the VBAC climate in my region just took a major downturn so it's possible I wouldn't be able to find a care provider who would take me at all. (The midwives in my region don't do primary vbac so I couldn't use one last time, and the one I've spoken to so far wont do prior SD mamas)
post #4 of 8
Thread Starter 
Oh... and sorry for the gods-awful long posts. I'm sort of feeling my way through this....

post #5 of 8
This is a tough one. You know, on paper it's so easy to know things like "prior shoulder increases the risk for second shoulder dystocia" but in real life decision are so much harder.

I do think vacuum still may have played a role if babe was pulled just far enough that you could birth the head, it still may have pulled her with her shoulders poorly aligned. One of the worst shoulder dystocias I've seen was with a 5th time mom. I was a resident, and the attending physician was wanting to hurry to get to another client's cesarean delivery, so as soon as mom was fully dilated he applied vacuum, pulled with 2 contractions which were enough to birth the head, and basically ran out the door leaving me to deliver the baby. Only baby didn't come, and the resulting circus of trying to mobilize enough help and move the mom and free the baby were terrifying. Baby was only 7 lbs 5 oz, and the mom had previously birthed 2 over 8 lbs, so I really felt the vacuum was the culprit here.

Most clients I've cared for who had any one of the things you've had (previous SD, previous 4th degree, previous really long second stage) have not had a repeat the next time around. I haven't had anybody have all 3 of those things together, though, so don't know how you go about making up your mind.

What about planning another VBAC, but if it comes down to an instrumental vaginal delivery, you go to cesarean instead? Or if during labor you feel things are not moving well you reserve the right to go to cesarean? I'm not sure about late ultrasound - as far as I know it's hard to predict SD, and head size doesn't matter much for SD.
post #6 of 8
Thread Starter 
Thanks drjen!

I think the reasoning behind a future late u/s was that dd1 had a really big head and got herself totally jammed in place. DD2 had a tiny head and also jammed but at least made her way out. So maybe a late u/s would give us an idea of how things might shape up... her advice was also to plan for vaginal but move to c/s if we knew the babe had a big head and pushing didn't seem to be going well.

I do agree that the vacuum made things worse in terms of the SD... but I also think that at that point it was either instrumental or a repeat c/s. My two OBs were tag teaming and happy to let me go as long as both I and the babe were ok (actually, they delivered one vaginal and one planned c/s babe while I was pushing. I was told later that they started to get a bit worried about how things were going when one dr left to do the planned repeat c/s and when he came back dd2 was still exactly where she had been), but I was getting pretty tired and with dd2 not moving for so long they felt she was probably stuck on something. The "ridge" on her head seemed to confirm that she really had caught herself on the bone somehow. So I'm sure the vacuum contributed to the dystocia, but not certain the vacuum "caused" the dystocia, if that makes sense?

Is there any chance this wonkiness could have been due to adhesions or scar tissue from the first birth sort of "pushing" dd2 off track a bit? I know there's no way to say for sure, but I didn't find anything in the literature that suggested the possibility but being home with two small kiddos these days my reserach time is pretty limited!

And thanks everyone for letting me talk this through. I know the mental aspect is at least as important as the physical "numbers" and this is helping me figure out how I really feel.
post #7 of 8
as a previous labor nurse, I would support drjen's idea of planning a vbac with a see how it goes approach, avoid the vacuum. I have seen too many doc put it on in the wrong spot/baby not in a good position. I haven't had a 4th degree but that does sound a little traumatic to me. Maybe some counseling or talking with other c/sec moms to find out where your heart is concerning having another cesarean versus not trying again.
post #8 of 8
Just wanted to remind you that SD is really not so much about size of baby but physical attitude of baby--both mom's and baby's positions, the way baby is holding his/her shoulders/arms in relation to mom's pelvis. And yes, it does sound like vacuum played a bad role in your last birth. I have seen babies find the way to wiggle through, when mom and baby have room to do so and no interference.

Anyway--looks to me like there are 2 important things for you here--one is the emotional processing....working through it all, hopefully arriving at an acceptance that allows you to relax and trust 'next time'. And second, finding the caregivers and place of birth where you and your instincts at birth will be warmly supported and encouraged.

I sure can see how this would be scary...and yet I can also see you birthing just fine some day, in all your glory....

hugs
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