Well, here's the outline. Will it work? It's very limited(dh could probably go on for hours)unfortunately.
C I R C U M C I S I O N
Topic: Circumcision
General Purpose:To Argue
Specific Purpose:To argue that routine circumcision is unjustified.
Central Idea:Routine neonatal circumcision lacks significant medical evidence to justify it and is unethical.
Introduction
{Play Audio Tape}
{Show Picture}
I.[attention getter] Imagine having all new born baby males’ noses and fingers removed because it would prevent arthritis or sinus infections. Circumcision is performed using this same form of logic.
II.[position on issue] Routine neonatal circumcision is unjustified and lacks medical evidence to support circumcision; and routine circumcision is unethical.
III. [reason 2] Routine circumcision lacks medical evidence to support circumcision and does not overcome potential risks.
A.According to the AAP “The absolute risk of developing a UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) in an uncircumcised male infant is low (at most, ~1%) .”
1.The American Medical Association (AMA) says “approximately 100 to 200 circumcisions would need to be performed to prevent 1 UTI .”
a.The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society have both recently pointed out that breastfeeding has a protective effect against urinary tract infection in infants .
B.The American Cancer Society (ACS) states “researchers believe that infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important avoidable risk factor for penile cancer .”
1.ACS also states that “Circumcision alone is not the major factor preventing cancer of the penis10.”
2.ACS also states “it is important … avoiding known penile cancer risk factors – having unprotected sexual relations with multiple partners (increasing the likelihood of human papillomavirus infection) and cigarette smoke10.”
3.AMA on penile cancer says “because this disease is rare and occurs later in life, the use of circumcision as a preventive practice is not justified9.”
C.The risks for circumcision complications are virtually impossible to find since many complications occur after circumcision and are not reported as a complication, but as a separate unrelated incidence.
1.AAP says “the true incidence of complications after newborn circumcision is unknown … complications such as recurrent phimosis, wound separation, concealed penis, unsatisfactory cosmesis because of excess skin, skin bridges, urinary retention, meatitis, meatal stenosis, chordee, inclusion cysts, and retained Plastibell devices,” as well as “amputation of a portion of the glans penis, and penile necrosis8.”
IV.[reason 1] It is unethical to routinely circumcise newborns.
A.According to the book Circumcision: the Hidden Trauma as many as “33% of many obstetricians and pediatricians are personally opposed to circumcision .”
1.The book also notes that “The United States is the only country in the world that circumcises most of its male infants for nonreligious reasons2.”
B.In an article by George C. Denniston, M.D. on the ethics of circumcision, he quotes the American Medical Association 1992 statement that “it (circumcision) violates a major tenet of medical practice: First do no harm… but not least, circumcision violates all seven Principles of Medical Ethics .”
1.Every doctor after graduating medical school takes an oath to uphold the Principles of Medical Ethics.
2.The AMA is still strongly for routine circumcision often sighting a few insignificant findings on the medical benefits for routine circumcision.
C.In a document from the AAP Committee on Bioethics they state “There are clinical situations in which a persistent refusal to assent (i.e., dissent) may be ethically binding. This seems most obvious in the context of research (particularly that which has no potential to directly benefit the patient). A patient's reluctance or refusal to assent should also carry considerable weight when the proposed intervention is not essential to his or her welfare and/or can be deferred without substantial risk .”
1.In Wisconsin v Yoder, the US Supreme Court held that parental authority may be limited “if it appears that parental decisions will jeopardize the health and safety of the child .”
[Transition: The claim that routine circumcision is unethical is based on the fact that circumcision does not have medical benefits that outweigh the risks. In fact, the benefits don’t even come close.]
V.[refutative argument] “It’s just a flap of skin.”
{Show Card}
A.If laid flat, the average adult foreskin would measure approximately 3 inches by 5 inches; or about 15 square inches. An average adult foreskin comprises an area of tissue large enough to comfortably lay 15 U.S. quarters .
B.“Neuroanatomist Dr. Ashley Montagu states that an area of "normal" skin the size of a quarter (U.S. 25-cent piece) contains more than 12 feet (3.66m) of nerves and over 50 nerve endings13.”
C.In the book The Human Connection it states “Infant circumcision likely deprives the adult male of about 240 feet (73.2m) of nerves and over 1,000 nerve endings. Since Dr. Taylor's research suggests that the foreskin is more densely nerve-laden than "normal" skin, a circumcised man likely loses many times more than 1,000 nerve endings .”
V. [conclusion] From the evidence given routine neonatal circumcision is medically unjustified and unethical.
Thanx for all the links you guys, as always you're a big help.
Megan
C I R C U M C I S I O N
Topic: Circumcision
General Purpose:To Argue
Specific Purpose:To argue that routine circumcision is unjustified.
Central Idea:Routine neonatal circumcision lacks significant medical evidence to justify it and is unethical.
Introduction
{Play Audio Tape}
{Show Picture}
I.[attention getter] Imagine having all new born baby males’ noses and fingers removed because it would prevent arthritis or sinus infections. Circumcision is performed using this same form of logic.
II.[position on issue] Routine neonatal circumcision is unjustified and lacks medical evidence to support circumcision; and routine circumcision is unethical.
III. [reason 2] Routine circumcision lacks medical evidence to support circumcision and does not overcome potential risks.
A.According to the AAP “The absolute risk of developing a UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) in an uncircumcised male infant is low (at most, ~1%) .”
1.The American Medical Association (AMA) says “approximately 100 to 200 circumcisions would need to be performed to prevent 1 UTI .”
a.The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society have both recently pointed out that breastfeeding has a protective effect against urinary tract infection in infants .
B.The American Cancer Society (ACS) states “researchers believe that infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important avoidable risk factor for penile cancer .”
1.ACS also states that “Circumcision alone is not the major factor preventing cancer of the penis10.”
2.ACS also states “it is important … avoiding known penile cancer risk factors – having unprotected sexual relations with multiple partners (increasing the likelihood of human papillomavirus infection) and cigarette smoke10.”
3.AMA on penile cancer says “because this disease is rare and occurs later in life, the use of circumcision as a preventive practice is not justified9.”
C.The risks for circumcision complications are virtually impossible to find since many complications occur after circumcision and are not reported as a complication, but as a separate unrelated incidence.
1.AAP says “the true incidence of complications after newborn circumcision is unknown … complications such as recurrent phimosis, wound separation, concealed penis, unsatisfactory cosmesis because of excess skin, skin bridges, urinary retention, meatitis, meatal stenosis, chordee, inclusion cysts, and retained Plastibell devices,” as well as “amputation of a portion of the glans penis, and penile necrosis8.”
IV.[reason 1] It is unethical to routinely circumcise newborns.
A.According to the book Circumcision: the Hidden Trauma as many as “33% of many obstetricians and pediatricians are personally opposed to circumcision .”
1.The book also notes that “The United States is the only country in the world that circumcises most of its male infants for nonreligious reasons2.”
B.In an article by George C. Denniston, M.D. on the ethics of circumcision, he quotes the American Medical Association 1992 statement that “it (circumcision) violates a major tenet of medical practice: First do no harm… but not least, circumcision violates all seven Principles of Medical Ethics .”
1.Every doctor after graduating medical school takes an oath to uphold the Principles of Medical Ethics.
2.The AMA is still strongly for routine circumcision often sighting a few insignificant findings on the medical benefits for routine circumcision.
C.In a document from the AAP Committee on Bioethics they state “There are clinical situations in which a persistent refusal to assent (i.e., dissent) may be ethically binding. This seems most obvious in the context of research (particularly that which has no potential to directly benefit the patient). A patient's reluctance or refusal to assent should also carry considerable weight when the proposed intervention is not essential to his or her welfare and/or can be deferred without substantial risk .”
1.In Wisconsin v Yoder, the US Supreme Court held that parental authority may be limited “if it appears that parental decisions will jeopardize the health and safety of the child .”
[Transition: The claim that routine circumcision is unethical is based on the fact that circumcision does not have medical benefits that outweigh the risks. In fact, the benefits don’t even come close.]
V.[refutative argument] “It’s just a flap of skin.”
{Show Card}
A.If laid flat, the average adult foreskin would measure approximately 3 inches by 5 inches; or about 15 square inches. An average adult foreskin comprises an area of tissue large enough to comfortably lay 15 U.S. quarters .
B.“Neuroanatomist Dr. Ashley Montagu states that an area of "normal" skin the size of a quarter (U.S. 25-cent piece) contains more than 12 feet (3.66m) of nerves and over 50 nerve endings13.”
C.In the book The Human Connection it states “Infant circumcision likely deprives the adult male of about 240 feet (73.2m) of nerves and over 1,000 nerve endings. Since Dr. Taylor's research suggests that the foreskin is more densely nerve-laden than "normal" skin, a circumcised man likely loses many times more than 1,000 nerve endings .”
V. [conclusion] From the evidence given routine neonatal circumcision is medically unjustified and unethical.
Thanx for all the links you guys, as always you're a big help.
Megan
