simian viruses
Here is the link to PubMed. I suggest that you print out these notes and then try following through some of the steps on PubMed to get the hang of working with the system.
http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
Start by searching for terms using the MeSH database. You can access MeSH two ways. In the left-hand column, the second item under PubMed Services is MeSH Database. Or, you can use the drop-down list next to the word “search” in the top-left corner.
Type in one of the terms that you need to find.
Quote:
Does the polio vax still have SV-40 contamination?
If that’s too easy, then here’s another:
What other viruses were found in the polio vax (SV-1 to SV-39), were they all discovered to have contaminated the vax?
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I typed in polio vaccine and got:
Quote:
No items found.
Suggestions: Plague vaccine; Sabin vaccine; Mumps vaccine; Salk vaccine; Rabies vaccine; Dna vaccines; Aids vaccines; Siv vaccines; Pnuimune vaccine; Viral vaccines;
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Although I didn’t find what I was looking for, I got some possible leads. I clicked on Sabin vaccine and got:
Quote:
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1: Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
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This is not a broad enough term: I want to look at all possible variations of polio vaccine. Click on the term and you get:
Quote:
1: Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their ousehold
contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Subheadings:
administration and dosage
adverse effects
analysis
antagonists and inhibitors
biosynthesis
blood
cerebrospinal fluid
chemical synthesis
chemistry
classification
contraindications
diagnostic use
economics
genetics
history
immunology
isolation and purification
pharmacology
standards
supply and distribution
therapeutic use
toxicity
Restrict Search to Major Topic headings only
Do Not Explode this term (i.e., do not include MeSH terms found below this term
in the MeSH tree).
Entry Terms: Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
Vaccine, Oral Poliovirus
Sabin Vaccine
Vaccine, Sabin
All MeSH Categories
Chemicals and Drugs Category
Immunologic and Biological Factors
Biological Products
Vaccines
Viral Vaccines
Poliovirus Vaccines
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
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There is a lot of information here. The subheadings can be used to limit your search to certain aspects of the topic. The subheading we need, “contamination” doesn’t exist. (Surprise!!!) Further down, under All MeSH Categories, is an excerpt of the applicable tree. You can search a term at any level of the tree and everything below will be included in your search unless you click the “do not explode” box. So, we want to search Poliovirus Vaccines, which will include every variation on the vaccine that has been indexed by PubMed.
Do similar searches for the Simian Viruses:
Here is what I found:
Quote:
1: Simian virus 5 A species of RUBULAVIRUS originally isolated from cultured primary monkey cells. Its natural host is the DOG in which it causes kennel cough, but it can also infect humans. Year introduced: 2004
2: Viral Structural Proteins Viral proteins that do not regulate transcription. They are coded by viral structural genes and include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). Transcription of viral structural genes is regulated by viral regulatory proteins. Year introduced: 1990
3: Simian virus 40 A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures. Year introduced: 2001
1: Polyomavirus A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin. Year introduced: 1994
2: Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle. Year introduced: 1988
3: Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7) Year introduced: 1973
4: JC Virus A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus. Year introduced: 2002
5: BK Virus A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances. Year introduced: 2002
6: Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL). Year introduced: 2002
7: Simian virus 40 A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures. Year introduced: 2001
1: Polyomaviridae A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, infecting mainly MAMMALS, and containing a single genus: POLYOMAVIRUS. Year introduced: 2002
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Only two of the 40 viruses have been indexed. There seem to be at least two different “species” of viruses and there may very well be many more.
I decided to do my searches on SV-40 and POLYOMAVIRUS.
Now you can switch to PubMed. There is a way of doing searches directly from MeSH, but I’d like to keep things simple.
I typed in:
Simian virus 40
If you click on details (top-right) you can see how PubMed reorganizes your terminology.
("simian virus 40"[MeSH Terms] OR Simian virus 40[Text Word])
results 12,145
Then I did a search on my second term:
Poliovirus Vaccines
Results 3,197
Used History (top, middle) to combine the two searches
Results 96
96 articles can be skimmed in a reasonable amount of time.
Selected seven
Displayed as citations
Quote:
: Dev Biol (Basel). 2001;105:211-7. Evaluation of the new control methods for oral poliomyelitis vaccine. Grachev VP, Karganova GG, Rumyantsev AA, Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Drozdov SG. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides RAMS, Moscow Region, Russia. In the draft recommendations for production and control of OPV the WHO proposed new control methods: (i) mutant analysis with PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) assay that allows evaluation of poliovirus population heterogeneity at the molecular level; (ii) neurovirulence (NV) test using transgenic mice susceptible to polioviruses and (iii) control of the seed lots for the presence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA sequence. This paper is focused on our experience in the practical implementation of the new methods at the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (IPVE). Using methods based on PCR we have demonstrated that working seed viruses used by IPVE for OPV production are free from SV40 DNA sequences. Our experience on the conduction of the OPV type 3 control using TgPVR21 mice NV test (seven vaccine lots) and the MAPREC assay (more than 150 samples of single harvests and monovalent bulks) showed that these methods may be used instead of the monkey NV test, because they could not pass the vaccine failed monkey NV test. The necessity for single harvests control is discussed. MeSH Terms: Animals Human Mice Poliomyelitis/prevention & control* Poliovirus/genetics Poliovirus/pathogenicity Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/immunology* Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/standards* Simian virus 40/genetics World Health Organization Substances: Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
2: Biologicals. 2000 Mar;28(1):1-4. Live oral poliovirus vaccines do not contain detectable simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA. Sierra-Honigmann A, Krause PR. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Prior to 1962, poliovirus vaccines produced in rhesus monkey kidney cells were contaminated with SV40. Recent studies reporting the detection of SV40 in human tumours raised concern that SV40 may be oncogenic in humans. To provide further assurance that currently used poliovirus vaccines are not contaminated with SV40, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to search for SV40 DNA in live oral poliovirus vaccines manufactured in the United States between 1972 and 1996. SV40 DNA sequences were not found in any of the vaccine lots tested. MeSH Terms: Consumer Product Safety DNA, Viral/analysis* Drug Contamination* Human Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral* Simian virus 40/genetics Simian virus 40/isolation & purification* Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Substances: DNA, Viral Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
3: Biologicals. 1999 Mar;27(1):1-10. Examination of poliovirus vaccine preparations for SV40 sequences. Sangar D, Pipkin PA, Wood DJ, Minor PD. National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG. Oral poliovaccines derived from the strains developed by Sabin have been the basis of vaccination against poliomyelitis in the U.K. since 1962. Contamination of earlier materials with the monkey virus SV40, particularly inactivated Salk type poliovaccines, is well documented. Precautions have been in place for more than 30 years to prevent SV40 contamination of oral poliovaccines based on screening of donor animals and tests for SV40 infectivity. PCR was applied to examine all archived samples of oral poliovaccines available to us dating from 1966 to the present, including all vaccines used in the U.K. since 1980, for the presence of SV40 sequences. Of 132 materials examined, 118 were negative on initial testing and fourteen gave reactions which on further examination were attributed either to cross contamination during handling in the laboratory at National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) or to non-specific amplification. It was concluded that none of the samples contained SV40 sequences. The materials included 69 separate monovalent bulks of poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3 grown on monkey kidney cells from four different manufacturers and 74 bulks grown on human diploid cells from two manufacturers.One additional seed material from 1962 contained low levels of unique and characteristic SV40 sequences. The seed had been treated by the manufacturer to inactivate DNA viruses and tests by the manufacturer and at NIBSC failed to demonstrate the presence of infectious SV40 virus. Monovalent bulks prepared by the manufacturer from this seed were negative for SV40 sequences by PCR.The PCR studies provide no evidence of contamination of oral poliovaccines used in the UK with infectious SV40 and suggest that the steps taken to ensure the absence of infectious SV40 are satisfactory. Copyright 1999 The International Association for Biologicals. MeSH Terms: Animals Base Sequence COS Cells Cell Line Cell Survival Cercopithecus aethiops DNA, Viral/genetics Drug Contamination/prevention & control Human Macaca fascicularis Molecular Sequence Data Papovaviridae Infections/virology Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/analysis* Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/standards Polymerase Chain Reaction Reference Standards Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Simian virus 40/genetics* Tumor Virus Infections/virology Vero Cells Substances: DNA, Viral Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
4: Dev Biol Stand. 1998;94:221-5. Examination of poliovaccines for the presence of SV40 sequences. Sangar DV, Wood DJ, Minor PD. National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Herts, UK. Batches of monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine bulks previously screened for infectious SV40 by cell culture methods and used in the United Kingdom from 1971-96 in trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine have now been examined by a newly developed PCR for the presence of SV40 sequences. Up to April 1997, over 190 batches have been examined. SV40 sequences were not detected in any of the vaccines. This provides additional assurance that oral poliovirus vaccines used in the U.K. from 1971 are free of SV40 contamination. Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial MeSH Terms: Animals Cells, Cultured/virology DNA, Viral/chemistry
DNA, Viral/chemistry Drug Contamination Haplorhini Human Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/chemistry* Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Simian virus 40/isolation & purification* Substances: DNA, Viral Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
5: Dev Biol Stand. 1998;94:217-9. Product quality control testing for the oral polio vaccine. Brock B, Kelleher L, Zlotnick B. Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, NY 10965-1299, USA. A brief overview regarding the quality control testing of the Sabin oral polio vaccine is provided. Product testing procedures and specifications are established through product license agreements between the vaccine manufacturer and the FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. The manufacture and testing of ORIMUNE is a multi-stage process that is closely monitored by the FDA following explicit protocols and requires extensive quality control testing at various stages. Publication Types: Review Review, Tutorial MeSH Terms: Animals Cells, Cultured/virology Haplorhini Licensure Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/standards* Quality Control Simian virus 40/isolation & purification United States United States Food and Drug Administration Virus Cultivation/standards Substances: Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
6: JAMA. 1998 Jan 28;279(4):292-5. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 May 20;279(19):1527-8. JAMA. 1998 Nov 4;280(17):1481-2. Contamination of poliovirus vaccines with simian virus 40 (1955-1963) and subsequent cancer rates. Strickler HD, Rosenberg PS, Devesa SS, Hertel J, Fraumeni JF Jr, Goedert JJ. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20852, USA. CONTEXT: Poliovirus vaccine contaminated with live simian virus 40 (SV40), a macaque polyomavirus that is tumorigenic in rodents, was used extensively in the United States between 1955 and 1963. Simian virus 40 DNA has recently been detected in several rare human tumors, including ependymomas, osteosarcomas, and mesotheliomas. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of ependymoma, osteosarcoma, and mesothelioma among Americans who as children received SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-1993) and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1950-1969), as well as national mortality statistics (1947-1973). SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Birth cohorts that were likely to have received SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine as infants, born 1956 through 1962 (60 811730 person-years of observation); as children, born 1947 through 1952 (46430953 person-years); or that were unexposed, born 1964 through 1969 (44959979 person-years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk (RR) of each cancer among exposed compared with unexposed birth cohorts. RESULTS: Age-specific cancer rates were generally low and were not significantly elevated in birth cohorts exposed to SV40-contaminated vaccine. Specifically, compared with the unexposed, the relative risk of ependymoma was not increased in the cohorts exposed as infants (RR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-1.63), or as children (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.57-1.69) nor did the exposed have an increased risk of all brain cancers. Osteosarcoma incidence also showed no relation to exposure as infants (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.06) or children (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.22). Last, mesotheliomas were not significantly associated with exposure, although the cohorts studied have not yet reached the age at which these tumors tend to occur. CONCLUSIONS: After more than 30 years of follow-up, exposure to SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine was not associated with significantly increased rates of ependymomas and other brain cancers, osteosarcomas, or mesotheliomas in the United States. MeSH Terms: Adolescent Adult Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology* Brain Neoplasms/etiology Brain Neoplasms/virology Child Child, Preschool Drug Contamination* Ependymoma/epidemiology* Ependymoma/etiology Ependymoma/virology Human Incidence Infant Mesothelioma/epidemiology* Mesothelioma/etiology Mesothelioma/virology Osteosarcoma/epidemiology* Osteosarcoma/etiology Osteosarcoma/virology Papovaviridae Infections/epidemiology Papovaviridae Infections/etiology Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated*/adverse effects Retrospective Studies Risk Simian virus 40*/isolation & purification Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology Tumor Virus Infections/etiology United States/epidemiology Vaccination Substances: Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
7: Dev Biol Stand. 1996;88:5-7. Safety of biopharmaceuticals: a current perspective. Parkman PD. Parkman Associates, Kensington MD, USA. The impetus for this conference comes in large measure from the continuing development of the ICH Viral Safety document concerned with testing and evaluation of the viral safety of biotechnology products derived from characterized cell lines of human or animal origin [1]. My opening remarks for this conference were, I think, suggested by the organizers in the belief that George Santayana's quote, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" has validity for this effort. In this brief review I have tried to recall some past unfortunate episodes and outline the lessons that they might have for us. I have also attempted to outline a number of issues which I believe are critical to the success of efforts to guarantee, as much as humanly possible, the safety that we seek balanced against our ability to develop and use important new products. Publication Types: Historical Article Review Review, Tutorial MeSH Terms: Animals Chick Embryo Drug Contamination* History of Medicine, 20th Cent. Human Leukosis Virus, Avian Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/adverse effects Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/adverse effects Simian virus 40 Viral Vaccines/history* Viral Vaccines/standards Yellow fever virus Substances: Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral Viral Vaccines
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Next search one of the several possible types of simian virus:
POLYOMAVIRUS
Results 775
I decided to search all vaccines to see if I could turn up contamination in any other vaccine with any of this type of virus.
Combine with vaccines
Results 225
Redid search to eliminate all the SV40 stuff I’d already seen
((("polyomavirus"[MeSH Terms] OR POLYOMAVIRUS[Text Word]) AND ("vaccines"[MeSH Terms] OR vaccines[Text Word])) NOT ("simian virus 40"[MeSH Terms] OR SV 40[Text Word]))
results 55
mostly articles about trying to make vaccines (anti-cancer) using polyomaviruses
chose 4 that looked relevant to contamination issues
displayed as citations
There is a drop-down list box on the left labeled “Display.” I usually choose citation because I’ll get the abstract and the list of terms indexed. This terminology can be used to develop further searches. I also find it helpful in deciphering the reason that a particular article was “found” in my search, especially if the search seems to be turning up lots of irrelevant stuff.
On the right is a box labeled “Send to.” If you choose text, you can copy what you find and paste it into a document without getting a lot of irrelevant formatting. This also saves space.
Quote:
1: Biologicals. 1997 Dec;25(4):381-90.
Risk assessment on the carcinogenic potential of hybridoma cell DNA: implications for residual contaminating cellular DNA in biological products.
Dortant PM, Claassen IJ, van Kreyl CF, van Steenis G, Wester PW.
Laboratory of Pathology and Immunobiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible carcinogenic potential of residual DNA derived from immortalized and possibly tumorigenic cell lines due to activated oncogenic sequences (oncogenes). These cell lines have been used for the production of biologicals, i.e. monoclonal antibodies, lymphokines and vaccines. The authors used hybridoma DNA as a first model. For this reason experiments in two species were performed, namely in 3-4 week-old female Balb/c mice and newborn Riv:TOX rats. Doses of 250 micrograms DNA, derived from Balb/c hybridoma cells, were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) in 200 mice. These mice
also received a s.c. injection of the solvent only (TE buffer) at another site of the back skin (negative control for local tumour development). An additional group of 50 mice was treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the solvent only to serve as a negative control group for possible systemic tumorigenic effects.
Doses of 5 micrograms plasmid pPy1 DNA, containing the entire Polyoma virus genome, served as positive control and were injected s.c. and i.p. in 20 and 50 mice, respectively. Doses of 50 micrograms hybridoma DNA or 5 micrograms pPy1 DNA were injected s.c. in rats too, using nine animals per group. During the
experiment, animals were observed weekly, especially for the occurrence of subcutaneous tumours at the injection sites. The mouse study was terminated after more than 2 years, the rat study after 1 year. Gross necropsy was performed on all animals and histopathological examination of grossly suspected neoplastic lesions was performed. In the mouse experiment, tumour development at the s.c. injection site of the DNA was observed in one out of 20 animals in the pPy1-treated positive control group (neurofibrosarcoma) and one out of 200 animals in the hybridoma DNA-treated group (haemangioma-like lesion). Tumour development at or near the s.c. injection site of the solvent only was observed in two out of 200 animals. In the rat study none out of nine hybridoma DNA-treated rats developed tumours at the injection site, while three out of nine rats of the positive control group, injected with the pPy1 DNA, showed local tumour development (benign and malignant soft tissue tumours.) It is concluded that, at the high dose and numbers of animals tested, parenteral administration of hybridoma DNA does not induce local tumour development. Furthermore, no indications were found for systemic carcinogenic potential of the hybridoma DNA used. Based on a worst case approach of our data, the oncogenic risk of 100 pg residual DNA was estimated to be 2 x 10(-9), a value intermediate of the estimations of the WHO (1987) and the Dutch Health Council (1988) 5 x 10(-11) and 2 x 10(-7), respectively. Therefore, it is unlikely that the risk of 100 pg of DNA derived from other immortalized cell lines will exceed the level of generally accepted cancer risk of 10(-6).
MeSH Terms:
Animals
Biological Products*
Carcinogens/toxicity*
DNA, Neoplasm/toxicity*
DNA, Viral/toxicity*
Drug Contamination*
Female
Hybridomas*
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
Oncogenes*
Polyomavirus/genetics
Rats
Risk Assessment
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances:
Biological Products
Carcinogens
DNA, Neoplasm
DNA, Viral
2: Biologicals. 1996 Jun;24(2):131-5.
Detection of bovine polyomavirus contamination in fetal bovine sera and modified live viral vaccines using polymerase chain reaction.
Kappeler A, Lutz-Wallace C, Sapp T, Sidhu M.
Biologics Evaluation Laboratory, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nepean, Ontario, Canada.
A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for the detection of bovine polyomavirus (BPyV) DNA. The assay has been used to screen commercial lots of fetal bovine serum and modified live veterinary vaccines for the presence of the agent. A PCR product of the expected size was detected after the first round of PCR for eight out of 20 serum lots, but in none of the 14 vaccines tested. The subsequent nested assay revealed that four more serum lots were positive for BPyV DNA, as well as two vaccine lots. When hybridized with a
labelled probe, blots of the PCR products from vaccines revealed that in one of the two positive samples a specific product was present after the first PCR at a level not detectable in gel electrophoresis. Nested PCR appears to be a useful tool for the detection of low level contamination with BPyV DNA of products used in, and derived from cell culture.
MeSH Terms:
Animals
Cattle
DNA, Viral/analysis*
Fetal Blood/chemistry*
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polyomavirus/genetics*
Viral Vaccines/chemistry*
Substances:
DNA, Viral
Viral Vaccines
3: Arch Virol. 1986;87(3-4):287-96.
Human exposure to bovine polyomavirus: a zoonosis?
Parry JV, Gardner SD.
A competitive-type solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the detection of antibody to bovine polyomavirus. Comparison of RIA and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) results on 273 cattle sera indicated that both techniques were detecting antibody of like specificity. Human sera from 256
blood donors, 219 people recently vaccinated against polio, rubella or rabies, 50 immunosuppressed patients and 472 people with various occupational exposure to cattle were tested for antibody to bovine polyomavirus, the foetal rhesus monkey kidney strain, (anti-FRKV) by RIA. Apart from one blood donor and one of 108 rabies vaccinees only those in close contact with cattle possessed anti-FRKV. Compared with 62 per cent seropositive in the natural hosts, cattle, 71 per cent of veterinary surgeons, 50 per cent of cattle farmers, 40 per cent of abattoir workers, 16 per cent of veterinary institute technical staff and 10
per cent of veterinary students were anti-FRKV positive. Our findings indicate that the theoretical hazard of FRKV infection from undetected contamination of current tissue culture derived vaccines may, in practice, be remote. Proposed wider use of primate kidney cells as substrates for new vaccines may increase
this risk.
MeSH Terms:
Animals
Antibodies, Viral/analysis
Blood Donors
Cattle/microbiology*
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Environmental Exposure
Human
Polyomavirus/growth & development*
Polyomavirus/immunology
Radioimmunoassay
Veterinary Medicine
Viral Vaccines/immunology
Zoonoses/microbiology*
Substances:
Antibodies, Viral
Viral Vaccines
4: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;105:149-56.
Frequency of antibody to BK antigen in women whose children developed malignancies and women who developed detectable carcinoma in situ of the cervix during this pregnancy.
Madden DL, Iltis J, Tzan N, Sever JL.
Paired sera from 21 women whose children had malignancy and 15 women who were diagnosed as having abnormal pathology in the cervix and matched normal controls were studied for presence of BK antibodies by the ELISA technique. BK antibody
was detected in 74% of the women in the first serum sample obtained. Evidence of BK antibody rises were observed in eight of 72 women (11%) and was distributed equally among women with abnormal children and women with abnormal pathology in the cervix and controls and that the level of antibody was not influenced by vaccination with killed polio vaccine during this pregnancy. Our serological data fails to show an association between infection with BK virus and malignancy in the children or carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
MeSH Terms:
Adolescent
Adult
Antibodies, Viral/analysis*
Antigens, Viral
BK Virus/immunology*
Carcinoma in Situ/etiology
Carcinoma in Situ/immunology*
Cervix Neoplasms/etiology
Cervix Neoplasms/immunology*
Child, Preschool
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Human
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Leukemia/immunology
Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Middle Aged
Neoplasms/immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/immunology
Polyomavirus/immunology*
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/immunology*
Substances:
Antibodies, Viral
Antigens, Viral
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
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I have a feeling that PubMed is not the best place to try to track down info on the other 39 simian viruses. The results are not particularly exciting.
There are some other terms that I didn’t search, (see above) so feel free to play around and see what you can find! Have fun.
Coming soon, the search for Hepatitis Vaccine and chronic coughs…
Nana
)
Deborah
Thanks, Nana
and if you search using immunization, you will miss some relevant citations. However, if you search using vaccination only, you will miss some recent articles that use immunization and do not include the term vaccination in their title or abstract. Once these articles have been completely indexed they will turn up for your vaccination only search.
: you need to use the “lay” terms, the “medical” terms and the MeSH headings. When you type in a search term the search system automatically translates it, if possible, into MeSH. It also searches on the term in its non-MeSH form. So, if you type in immunization, the system will translate this into [immunization (all fields) AND vaccination (MeSH)]. Isn’t that helpful?
