This is one of the reasons knitting's pretty frustrating for me. So many of the patterns are written for small needles.
BUT, that doesn't mean you can't use those!
How long are they? In many ways longer ones are more versatile, but that doesn't mean you can't make a lot of stuff with short ones.
You can make a garter stitch scarf. If you use pretty colors, you can make several short garter stitch scarves & then sew them together & make a baby blanket.

(Stripes!)
You can also make a variety of simple shawls, including
this one or
this one. (The second one is a how-to, not a pattern, & well worth checking out.)
(Assuming you're a total knitting newbie like I am, remember garter stitch is the simplest one, where you simply knit every single row. You can do any of this stuff in stockinette too--knit the first row, purl the second row. Stockinette tends to curl, though.)
You can also make a "modular" sweater; easiest would be a baby sweater, out of five rectangles, such as
this one. That pattern's written for #9 needles,
but all you really need to do is make yourself a gauge swatch (which, hey, makes a great coaster) and then do a little math. Say you've got 5 sts per inch & you want a 10" wide sweater, you'd need 50 sts. Pretty simple. (You can also make a 4-square sweater, with the front & back being the same thing. Yeah, there's no neck shaping. That's called a "boat neck".)
Plus, if you make stuff without patterns, you'll get to brag that you don't need a pattern to knit.
