I think there's a fine line between "normal" braxton hicks and preterm labor contractions.
If your contractions have any sort of pattern, it's worth talking to your midwife or OB.
At home, probably the best advice if you are contracting reguarly is to start by drinking a lot of water, having something to eat, taking a bath and then resting on your side. If the ctxs continue, call your provider.
They usually will check your cervix (manually or by ultrasound), do a fetal fibronectin test (if you are between 24-34 weeks pregnant), check for infection, and probably monitor your contractions and the baby's heartbeat.
They are looking for a few things. The difference between braxton hicks and preterm labor contractions are that the preterm labor involves the cervix changing. This means getting shorter/effacing, ripening and dilating.
If your cervix is long (esp over 3 cm), firm and closed, you probably have nothing to worry about. If your cervix is short (less than 2.5 cm) or changing in other ways, the doctors may be more cautious.
The FFN test can predict with 95-99% accuracy if you will not go into labor in the next 7-10 days. If you have a negative FFN, this is very reassuring.
Infection is risk factor for preterm labor. Bladder infections, bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and any other type of infection in the body can increase contractions.
If you are contracting, the OB or midwife may also want to monitor your contractions. I've had this done both manually and with the tachometer. The ob will also want to see how the baby is tolerating contractions. They want to see the baby's heartrate go up with activity or contractions.
Depending on what the OB or midwife finds, they will try to decide if you are having preterm labor, if you are at risk of preterm labor, or if what you are experiencing is "normal". Either way they should educate you about the signs and symptoms of preterm labor.
If you are "at risk" for preterm labor, they may treat you with medication like nifedepine or terbutaline to stop contractions. They may also suggest some type of bed rest, no sex, etc. They will also treat anything that could be making contractions worse, like an infection or dehydration. They will most likely send you home but with instructions to see your doctor weekly.
If they decide you are having preterm labor, they may admit you to the hospital, try to delay birth with IV meds, and give you steriods to mature the baby's lungs.
Doctors are usually the most aggresive about treating preterm labor from 24-34 weeks. At 34 weeks, they may not do a lot more. Most of the medications for preterm labor riskier than having a baby at 34-36 weeks. Babies born at this point, while small and at risk for some things, generally do well with a little help.
I share all of this because sometimes it is hard to tell if contractions are normal or not. Most women contract some during pregnancy and this is normal, but it's not accurate to call contractions "braxton hicks" if they change your cervix.