My in laws raise natural beef cows (in TN) and they would only practice AI if they wanted to breed their cows with a bull not on site. They generally do not I don't think. They have about 3 bulls I think and maybe 100 cows.
They wean the calves by separating them from their moms at 2-3 weeks (again I think this is right) which really surprised me because it seems you would want them the get good nutrition for as long as possible. But maybe it has to do with getting a calf a year out of the cows.
It's really sad because you hear them bawling for their moms and the moms calling back
We've been visiting several times when it's weaning time.
I honestly think truly humane meat is just really hard to come by. There was great passage about it in "The unbearable Lightness of Being" where the author talks about how under communism in the Czech raising animals went from having animals in the family that were raised for food but also named and even loved, though people were still practical about it to the focus being productivity and industry and the animals became machines.
Obviously the same thing happened here and many of us just don't want to think about it.
Milkymommi, I get raw milk for $5 a half gallon from Foxboro MA. It's grass fed and the people very apparently love their cows, they have names etc..I share a pick up with someone once a week in the providence area.
There is also a place in N. Dartmouth (I think) which sells it for $3 if that's closer for you. The foxboro one is by order only and you can find it on "Realmilk.org". It is illegal to sell raw milk in RI except for animal consumption.