Yes, I see that you are coming from an sociological or anthropological viewpoint. I studied feminism as a historical movement. Here are some of the things that the first wave (19th and early 20th century feminists) disagreed on:
1. Whether women were essentially more like or more different from men
2. Whether the most important thing was for women to participate in political life (the woman suffrage movement) or whether issues around sexuality were more important
3. About sexuality: whether women needed to be liberated sexually (free love, birth control, destigmatization of unwed motherhood) or liberated from sexuality (the movement to abolish prostitution, campaigns for age of consent laws.)
4. About tactics to achieve equality: whether to ally with various other liberation movements, or whether to expediently use society's racism/fear of immigrants to achieve their goals.
5. About goals: sometimes, avowed feminists could not agree about whether a particular feminist goal would really improve women's condition. Feminists in different countries had different priorities. In Germany, it was fairly radical for women to discuss the right to vote, but the rights of mothers was a central issue for women's groups. In the US, any discussion of sexuality was taboo in the mainstream of the women's movement--but the movement for woman suffrage was the largest political coalition ever.
It wasn't only country to country. For example, there was a famous feminist family in New York. One sister, Maud Nathan, became a suffragist. She also campaigned for better conditions for working women. The other sister, Annie Nathan Meyer, the founder of Barnard College, was also a feminist but opposed the campaign for woman suffrage.
Nearly all of these were still at issue with the rise of second-wave feminism, starting in the 1960s, and are still controversial today! I'm sure I didn't hit all of them.
But think about this: feminists do share goals today, even when we don't share views of gender. (I've even met feminists who say that the truly feminist view is that even biological sex is completely constructed! yipes!) We have widespread agreement that women should be free from domestic violence. We have a women's health movement that has made tremendous strides in my lifetime. We have a shared view that women's experiences should be incorporated into school curricula, should be a standard part of history, literature, etc. In fact a lot of people agree with these goals who don't identify as feminists, which is I think a measure of the success of feminism.